Why foreign company should undertake policy and regulatory research before entering Vietnam market?

Currently, with Vietnam’s investment attraction policies, annual foreign direct investment (FDI) into Vietnam is constantly increasing, after Covid time. According to the report on foreign direct investment in nine months of 2021 of the Ministry of Planning and Investment, as of September 20^th, 2021, the total newly registered capital, adjusted and contributed capital to buy shares, purchase capital contribution (GVMCP) of foreign investors reached 22.15 billion USD, up 4.4% over the same period last year 2020. Realized capital of foreign investment projects is estimated at 13.28 billion USD, down 3.5% over the same period in 2020.

 

Law firm in Vietnam

However, when entering a new market, especially the business environment of a developing country like Vietnam, foreign company always have to be cautious and should undertake research investment environment and target company for M&A, or business cooperation carefully. Besides socio-cultural factors, the differences in political and legal factors are important issues. In particular, it is really necessary to study policies and legal regulations before investing in order to mitigate risks when operating in the Vietnam market.

Each country has its own policies and independent legal system to manage domestic company as well as foreign company. Therefore, when foreign investors wish to invest in Vietnam, they need to learn about legal policies that affect their expected business activities. Specifically, through the study of laws, economic policies… investors will identify constraints as well as incentives for their expected type of investment. Foreign investors will have more proactive preparation steps and have a basis to consider the benefits and potential risks when making an investment in Vietnam.

Firstly, on the legal system related to investment activities, Vietnam has a fairly complete but complex regulatory legal system. Due to too many types of legal documents being issued, overlapping, inconsistent and inconsistent jurisdictions are quite difficult obstacles for foreign investors when penetrating the Vietnamese market. Therefore, studying the regulatory is necessary and really a big challenge for foreign investors.

Specifically, for the investment, Vietnam law only allows foreign investors to do business in a number of industries that satisfy market access conditions. Therefore, foreign investors need to learn specific regulations on conditions of establishment, capital contribution, capital contribution ratio, etc. to have a plan to prepare capital, and to choose the type of investment in accordance with the regulations of Vietnam law and expected investment scale.

In addition, foreign investors also need to learn about the regulations on the organization of different types of businesses in Vietnam. It will be the basis for foreign investors to determine the level of capital contribution, rights and obligations when participating in investment. From there, foreign investors will have reasonable considerations and considerations in line with the investment plan, avoiding passive situations or the establishment and capital contribution not achieving the set goals before investing.

Second, about policies for foreign investors, investors need to study policies related to tax i.e. corporate income tax rates, tax rates for personal income taxes, and policies. avoid double taxation between Vietnam and other countries in order to comply with tax obligations and ensure its interests in the process of conducting investment in Vietnam.

Furthermore, to ensure cash flow transactions, foreign investors need to have an understanding of Vietnam’s foreign exchange policy. Understanding the bank’s foreign currency buying and selling policies will help foreign investors flexible in implementing project activities. Policies and regulatory understanding in international bidding or bidding or goods or service supply service for state owned company are also matter of concern.  Labor policy is also an information that foreign investors need to know to ensure that the recruitment and payment of salaries and benefits are consistent with the policies of the state. Economic and financial policies are regulated by the State in each period such as policy on funding or lending capital, tax policy of the State, economic policy on foreign relations, foreign policy.

Policies, laws and politics have a great influence on investment activities in Vietnam. Through legislation, the state institutionalizes economic undertakings and policies into law, with provisions that are universally binding for all business activities. The legal regulations and policies related to foreign investors in Vietnam are very complicated and changing over different periods. Therefore, before investing in Vietnam, investors need to learn, check the information and the authenticity of the information collected to ensure the authenticity and validity of those regulations and policies.

Finding the right business partner in Vietnam is also important. We recommend doing research on the reputation of the company and individual shareholders, corporate or individual, gathering publicly available company information, and performing background checks on key personnel to find potential risks in cooperation. Working with a reliable partner can help achieve economic benefits, saving time and money in business.

ANT Lawyers – A Law Firm in Vietnam with international standard, local expertise and strong international network. We focus on customers’ needs and provide clients with a high quality legal advice and services. For advice or services request, please contact us via email ant@antlawyers.vn, or call us +84 24 730 86 529.

 

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How to Transfer Shares in a Joint Stock Company

According to Vietnam law, joint stock company is one form of typical company types in Vietnam. For a joint stock company to be set-up, there should be at least three shareholders. In the joint stock company, the charter capital is divided into equal parts called shares. Shareholders have the right to freely transfer their shares to others, but there will be some certain restrictions.

 

How to transfer shares in a joint stock company?

Within three years from the establishment of the company and the issuance date of the Certificate of Enterprise Registration, the ordinary shares of founding shareholders may be transferred to other founding shareholders and may only be transferred to a person that is not a founding shareholder if the transfer is accepted by the General Meeting of Shareholders. In this case, the transferor does not have the right to vote on this transfer. In addition, if the company’s charter has provisions restricting the transfer of shares, the transfer of shareholders must also comply with the provisions of the Charter and these regulations will only applicable if they are written in the certificates of the shares subject to restriction.

The transfer of shares is usually made by the parties by contract or transaction on the securities market. In case of transfer under a contract, the documents shall bear the signatures of the transferor and the transferee or their authorized representatives. In case shares are transferred on the securities market, the transfer procedures prescribed by securities laws shall apply.

Shareholders of a joint-stock company have the right to donate part or all of their shares in the company to other individuals or organizations; use shares to pay off debt. At that time, individuals and organizations that are given or received the donation or debt payment will become a shareholder of the company. However, they will only become shareholders of the company from the time their information is fully recorded in the register of shareholders.

In case of the death of a shareholder that is an individual, his/her heir at law or designated by a will shall become a shareholder of the company. If such shareholder dies without an heir or the heir refuses the inheritance or is disinherited, his/her shares shall be settled in accordance with civil laws.

The last point to pay attention is when there is a share transfer event, the company shall register the changes of shareholders in the shareholder register as requested by relevant shareholders within 24 hours after the request is received.

Law Firm in Vietnam with international standard, local expertise and strong international network. We focus on customers’ needs and provide clients with a high quality legal advice and services. For advice or services request, please contact us via email ant@antlawyers.vn, or call us +84 24 730 86 529.

 

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What Are Responsibilities of the Seller for Inadequate Delivery of Goods?

Delivering and receiving goods are basic obligations of the parties when performing the Contract for purchase and sale of goods. Specifically, in accordance with the law, when buying and selling goods, the seller must deliver goods and relevant documents, as agreed in contracts on quantity, quality, packing and preservation modes and other contractual terms.

 

In cases where there is no specific agreement, the seller is obliged to deliver goods and relevant documents according to the provisions of the Law on Commerce. At the same time, the Buyer is obliged to receive the goods as agreed and perform reasonable actions to help the seller deliver the goods.

If the Seller fails to deliver insufficient goods, they must deliver the goods in accordance with the contract. In case the Seller fails to deliver the goods as agreed, the Buyer has the right to purchase the goods from another person for replacement according to the goods specified in the contract and the Seller must pay the difference and relevant expenses, if any; reserves the right to repair the defect of the goods by itself and the Seller shall pay actual and reasonable expenses for the rectification.

The Buyer has the right to request to apply for penalty if agreed in the contract. The penalty for a breach of a contractual obligation or the aggregate fine level for more than one breach shall be agreed upon in the contract by the parties but must not exceed 8% of the value of the breached contractual obligation portion.

In the contract, where a contract-breaching party delays making payment for goods or payment of service charges and other reasonable fees, the aggrieved party may claim an interest on such delayed payment at the average interest rate applicable to overdue debts in the market at the time of payment for the delayed period, unless otherwise agreed or provided for by law.

Thus, when the Seller fails to comply with the commitments as in the contract, the Buyer has the right to initiate a lawsuit requesting a court to force the Seller to return the received amount of goods equivalent for the goods not yet delivered, interest due to late payment, contract fines, compensation for damage as required. In case the parties do not agree to penalty for violation, the Buyer only has the right to claim damages. In case the parties agree to fine for violation, the Buyer has the right to apply both the sanction of the violation and the forced compensation for damage, unless otherwise provided by law.

For the determination of civil liability when violating the sale and purchase contract, according to law, each juridical person must bear civil liability for the civil rights and obligations established and performed in the name of the juridical person by its representative. Each juridical person must bear civil liability by recourse to its property; shall not bear civil liability for its members with respect to civil obligations established and performed by such members not in the name of the juridical person, unless otherwise prescribed by law. A member of a juridical person shall not bear civil liability of the juridical person for the civil obligations established and performed by such juridical person, unless otherwise prescribed by law. Therefore, if the Seller breaches the contract, the legal entity being the Seller is responsible to pay the Buyer and the legal person is not responsible for that legal entity.

It is important to engage lawyers at an early stage of the dispute for consultation on effective dispute resolution.  It is also advised, when entering into the Contract for purchase and sale of goods, the Seller needs to understand the basic legal provisions on its rights and obligations. The Buyer also needs to know clearly about the obligations of the Seller in order to be able to prevent the risk that arises when one of the parties breaches a fundamental contractual obligation.

ANT Lawyers is a law firm in Vietnam, recognized by Legal500, IFLR1000. We are an exclusive Vietnam member of Prea Legal, the global law firm network covering more than 150 jurisdictions. The firm provides a range of legal services to multinational and domestic clients. For advice or services request, please contact us via email ant@antlawyers.vn, or call us +84 24 730 86 529.

 

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Can Foreign Invested Enterprises Distribute Pharmaceutical Products in Vietnam?

Currently, with the complicated developments of the Covid-19 epidemic in the world in general and in Vietnam in particular, the research, production and import of Covid-19 vaccines are the matter that everyone is concerned about. On February 24th, 2021, the first batch of vaccine approved for import was transported to Vietnam by the Vietnam Vaccine Joint Stock Company.

 

Facing this situation, a number of foreign enterprises have expressed their opinions on the limitations imposed on foreign-invested enterprises in the field of distribution of pharmaceutical products in Vietnam. Vietnam has reserved no commitment to open the distribution of pharmaceutical products service market and has not committed to opening the distribution of pharmaceutical products service market under any trade agreement or international treaty up to the moment, because the pharmaceutical sector is sensitive, directly related to access to drugs and people’s health.

According to the provisions of the law, “distribution of pharmaceutical products” means the division, movement and storage of pharmaceutical products from the warehouse of the manufacturer/importer of such products or from a distributor to the end user thereof or to a distribution point or between distribution points by means of various transport methods. For distribution services, in the WTO Commitments, it is clear that pharmaceutical distribution services are excluded from the scope of commitments for all modes of supply. In addition, Appendix 03 of Circular 24/2016/TT- publicizing roadmaps for goods trade and goods trading directly related activities of foreign-invested enterprises in Vietnam, it is also recognized that pharmaceutical products are on the list of goods not entitled to distribution.

Regarding this issue, the Drug Administration of Vietnam expressed the following viewpoint: “The suspension of allowing foreign-invested enterprises in Vietnam to provide drug storage and transportation services is to prevent the distribution of disguised drugs in Vietnam, contributing to health security and towards the professionalization of the medicine distribution system in Vietnam.”

Point c, Clause 10, Article 91 of Decree 54/2017/ND-CP, effective from May 8, 2017, provides for cases ineligible to distribute drugs as follows:

“10. The entities that are entitled to import but not entitled to distribute drugs and medicinal ingredients in Vietnam must do activities related to distribution of drugs and medicinal ingredients in Vietnam except for drugs and medicinal ingredients they manufacture in Vietnam, including:

c) Providing drug/medicinal ingredient transport or storage services.”

According to this content, foreign-invested enterprises in Vietnam are not allowed to transport and preserve drugs, except for drugs and medicinal ingredients manufactured by that enterprise in Vietnam. It can be seen that the restriction on the right to distribute drugs to foreign-invested enterprises is aimed at ensuring health security, being proactive in drug supply and distribution, towards to professionalize the domestic drug distribution system as a foundation to support the development of the domestic pharmaceutical industry and contributing to better control of drug prices in the market.

ANT Lawyers – a  law firm in Vietnam with international standard, local expertise and strong international network. We focus on customers’ needs and provide clients with a high quality legal advice and services. For advice or services request, please contact us via email ant@antlawyers.vn, or call us +84 24 730 86 529.

 

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10 Questions to Ask Before Set-up Company in Vietnam

Foreigners are encouraged to make investment in Vietnam through direct investment by Setting up company in Vietnam.

However there are restrictions in some cases in regard to investment capital, investment area, special licenses required. The investor is suggested to consult with a law firm in Vietnam for advice and service offering.

 

Before setting up business in Vietnam, ask yourself the following questions:

1. Which business should I invest in Vietnam?

There are non-conditional investment areas and conditional investment areas.  Establishing company in the non-conditional investment areas are more simple than in conditional investment areas.  Investment in IT services, manufacturing, management consulting, business promotion are a few samples of non-conditional investment areas. Example of conditional investment areas are real estate, trading, travel agencies, freight forwarding…which are more complicated with investment conditions.  Investment conditions might also be changed over the time depending on the WTO commitments which Vietnam enters.

2. What should I name the business in Vietnam?

The company in Vietnam has to have Vietnamese name, and English name. The company could also have abbreviated name.  The name of the company in Vietnam indicates the structure of the company, the business lines, and the name that differentiate against other businesses.  For instance, the company could be named Alpha consulting limited liability company.

3. Where should I register the address of the business in Vietnam?

Not every address could be used to register a company.  The address has to be an address of a house with leasing agreement or office building which owner has license to operate as office building.

4. What is the legal structure of the company?

Depending on the number of investor contributing capital, company could be set-up as one member limited liability company or two or more member limited liability company or joint stocks company.

5. How much capital is required to set-up a company in Vietnam?

The investment amount depends on the business plan and is subject to the approval of the provincial Department of Planning and Investment evaluating application dossier. In some business areas like real estate, banking and finance, minimum capital is required. In general for non-conditional investment area, the law does not specify the minimum capital to establish a company in Vietnam however the State agencies that evaluate investment plan could reject the investment project which are not feasible. Bank statement in foreign banks could be used to prove sufficient fund of investment capital.

6. Whom will be legal representative and work permit in Vietnam?

The investor will need to appoint the legal representative in Vietnam to oversee the business performance and take legal responsibility in Vietnam. If the legal representative is an expatriate, whom is a capital contributing member or owner of a limited liability company or a member of the Board of Management of a shareholding company which is registered to operate in Vietnam, he or she will be exempted from work permit in Vietnam. Otherwise, he or she will need to have a work permit to work in Vietnam legally.  The work permit holder would then apply for temporary residence card to live in Vietnam as long as the work permit allows.

7. How long does it take to set-up a company in Vietnam?

It depends on what type, scale, and whether or not conditions are required. For a simple minimum capital without conditions to set-up, it would take 30 working days. For setting up company in conditional investment areas i.e.  trading company in Vietnam, time would be lengthen due to the involvement of a number of State agencies approving the investment project and it would take 60 working days. For setting up company in other investments in areas requiring conditions to meet, time might be taken depending on the type of conditions and the government agencies evaluating the conditions of investment.

8. Whom will be granting the investment license in Vietnam?

For most of the investment projects, the provincial state agencies with the approval of the Department of Planning and Investment (DPI) will be granting the Investment Certificate in Vietnam. However, depending on the type, scale, and whether or not conditions are required, other Vietnam State agencies might be involved. For the case of trading company, ministry of trade and commerce, ministry of finance, provincial people’s committee will be reviewing the investment application dossier as well.

9. What are the tax liability in Vietnam?

Major taxes in Vietnam are corporate income tax, import and export tax, value added tax, and personal income tax in Vietnam. In some special areas, there are other taxes. The corporate income tax is currently at 22% and will reduce to 20% beginning 2016. Export is mostly encouraged as such the export tax is 0 however there are special cases when export tax is larger than 0. Import tax varies according to tariff. Value added tax is mostly at 10% however in some cases, VAT could be 5% or 0%. Personal Income tax varies according to income level and is applicable from VND 9,000,000 above.

10. What are mandatory reports submissions requirement in Vietnam?

Companies are required to keep accounting books, prepare and submit tax reports on monthly, quarterly and annually. Foreign companies are also required to have financial audit taken before the financial year end. The financial year in Vietnam is from January to December and the deadline to submit financial report is March 30th for the previous year. Other reports are required to be submitted at other State agencies.

ANT Lawyers is a law firm in Vietnam, recognized by Legal500, IFLR1000. We are an exclusive Vietnam member of Prea Legal, the global law firm network covering more than 150 jurisdictions. The firm provides a range of legal services to multinational and domestic clients. For advice or services request, please contact us via email ant@antlawyers.vn, or call us +84 24 730 86 529.

 

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What Are Penalty for Violations in the Field of Construction in Hanoi?

In any field, mistakes can occur but differ in actual consequences. Especially in construction activities, the consequences are difficult to predict, the violations in construction activities, to any extent, affect individuals and collective users. Therefore, the Hanoi City People’s Council issued Resolution No.07/2014/NQ-HDND prescribing the fine levels for a number of administrative violations in the field of construction.

 

This Resolution prescribes the fine levels for a number of administrative violations in construction activities in the Government’s Decree No. 121/2013/ND-CP of October 10, 2013 on sanctioning of violations. administration in construction activities; real estate business; exploitation, production and trading of construction materials; technical infrastructure management; housing and office development management (abbreviated to Decree No. 121/2013/ND-CP) in Hanoi city.

The Resolution provides a number of violations and penalties for corresponding acts of investors; of contractors and other organizations and individuals. In particular, the fine level prescribed for an administrative violation in the Resolution is equal to twice the fine level for the corresponding administrative violation in Decree No. 121/2013/ND-CP. The fines prescribed in Chapter II of this Resolution are those imposed on organizations. For the same administrative violation, the fine of an organization is 2 times that of an individual.

The titles competent to impose fines for administrative violations specified in Decree No. 121/2013/ND-CP are competent to impose penalties corresponding to the fines for the prescribed violations. in chapter II of this Resolution. Specifically, the subjects competent to sanction administrative violations under this Regulation include: Construction inspectors; Head of a specialized inspection team; Chief Inspector of Department of Construction; Chief Inspector of Ministry of Construction; Police; Market management; Presidents of People’s Committees at all levels

Above are the main contents of Resolution No. 07/2014/NQ-HDND of the Hanoi City People’s Council stipulating the fine level for a number of administrative violations in the field of construction, individuals and organizations should grasp to ensure their legitimate rights and interests. For compliance in the area of construction, it is important to consult with construction lawyers in Vietnam for advice.

ANT Lawyers is a law firm in Vietnam, recognized by Legal500, IFLR1000. We are an exclusive Vietnam member of Prea Legal, the global law firm network covering more than 150 jurisdictions. The firm provides a range of legal services to multinational and domestic clients.

 

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How to Set Up Company in Hanoi?

The Law on investment 2021 has a lot of investment incentive policies in economic sectors in Vietnam for foreign investors.

How to set up company in Hanoi

Foreign investors that invest in Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular for the first time must have investment projects and fill in investment registration or examination procedures at state agencies in charge of investment in order to be granted Investment Registration Certificates (“IRC”) and Enterprise Registration Certificate (“ERC”). Company with 100% foreign capital has founded and operated from the date of issuance of the investment certificate.

The investor who wishes to apply for IRC in Hanoi, s/he need to have a possible project which is accepted by the Government (The Department of Planning and Investment of Hanoi City). The dossier on applying for IRC

For Investment Registration Certificate, the investor must prepare the dossier included:

i) An application form for execution of the investment project, including a commitment to incur all costs and risks if the project is not approved;

ii) A docum
ent about the investor’s legal status;

iii) Document(s) proving the financial capacity of the investor including at least one of the following documents: the investor’s financial statements for the last two years; commitment of a parent company to provide financial support; commitment of a financial institution to provide financial support; guarantee for the investor’s financial capacity; other document proving the investor’s financial capacity;

iv) Proposal for the investment project including the following main contents: investor or method of investor selection, investment objectives, investment scale, investment capital and plan for raising capital, location, duration and schedule of the investment project, information about the current use of land in the location of the project and proposed demand for land use (if any), demand for labor, proposal for investment incentives, impact and socio – economic efficiency of the project and preliminary assessment of environmental impact (if any) in accordance with regulations of law on environmental protection.

If the law on construction requires formulation of a pre-feasibility study report, the investor is entitled to submit the pre-feasibility study report instead of a proposal for the investment project.

v) If the project does not require the State to allocate or lease out land or to permit land repurposing, a copy of the document regarding the land use rights or other document identifying the right to use the location for execution of the investment project is required to be submitted;

vi) Contents of the explanation for the technology to be used in the investment project if the project requires appraisal and collection of opinions on the technology in accordance with the Law on Technology Transfer;

vii) The business cooperation contract if the investment project is executed under a business cooperation contract;

viii) Other documents relating to the investment project, and requirements on the eligibility and capacity of the investor in accordance with regulations of law (if any).

After having the project, the investor needs to apply for Enterprise Registration Certificate, the dossier included:

i) An application for enterprise registration;

ii) The enterprise’s charter;

iii) A list of members of a limited liability company with two or more members or a list of general partners;

iv) A notarized copy of identity card or valid passport of individual member;

v) A notarized copy of the Enterprise Registration Certificate of the organization’s member;

vi) A notarized copy of valid identity card or passport of the organization’s legal representative;

vii) The copy of Investment Registration Certificate.

The time for applying the investment project is 15 working days and the time for applying the company is 03 working days after the date of submitting the valid dossier.

ANT Lawyers - a Law firm in Vietnam with international standard, local expertise and strong international network. We focus on customers’ needs and provide clients with a high quality legal advice and services. For advice or service request, please contact us via email ant@antlawyers.vn, or call us +84 24 730 86 529

 

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Forms of Foreign Investment in Vietnam

From 01/01/2021, the Law on Investment 2020 in Vietnam came into force. According to the Vietnam Law on Investment 2020, there are five types of foreign investment in Vietnam.

 

1.Investment in the establishment the economic organizations:

This type comprises two methods: Establishment of a company with 100% capital from foreign investors or establishment of a company between the domestic investors or the domestic government and foreign investors.  Before establishing the economic organizations, the investors must have the investment project, perform the procedures for issuance of the Investment Registration Certificate, satisfy the conditions on the percentage of charter capital ownership according to the Law on Securities, on equitization and transformation of state-owned enterprises, and the other conditions according to the international treaties that Vietnam signed (if any).

2.Investment in the capital contribution, purchase shares, purchase contributed capital:

Capital contribution, purchase shares, purchase contributed capital are the types of indirect investment for foreign investors through the purchase of stocks, bonds, and other valuable documents. Investors must conform to the legal provisions on capital contribution, purchase share, and purchase contributed capital.

3.Implementation investment project:

Foreign investors can sign the PPP contract. This is an investment method based on limited-term cooperation between the State and private investors through the signing of PPP contracts to attract private investors to participate in the implementation of investment PPP projects.

4.Investment under the BCC contract:

BCC contract is signed between the domestic investors according to the Civil Law. BCC contract with at least one party being a domestic investor that performs the procedures for granting the Investment Registration Certificate.

5.New forms of investment and economic organizations according to the Government’s rules.

We could assist the client to set up company in Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang or in other provinces in Vietnam.

ANT Lawyers - a Law firm in Vietnam with international standard, local expertise and strong international network. We focus on customers’ needs and provide clients with a high quality legal advice and services. For advice or service request, please contact us via email ant@antlawyers.vn, or call us +84 24 730 86 529

 

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