In recent years, digital wallet have been a trend in fintech because of the competitive development from the foreign investors to banks in Vietnam or of large technology companies and corporations which are also gradually entering the financial technology market to challenge the conventional banking in Vietnam.
In a nutshell, digital wallet, also known as online wallet, is an account of payment for the most popular online transactions such as: payment for electricity, water, tuition, phone recharge, buying movie tickets, etc. The function of the digital wallet is operated by linking a bank account, adding money to the wallet and paying for any associated services in a simple and convenient way.
Besides the benefits, digital wallet could also bring possible negative impacts and obstacles in reality. The State realizes the matter and has recently issued policies and regulations on the management of intermediary payment services in Vietnam in order to achieve economic efficiency. On 22th Nov in 2019, the State bank of Viet Nam promulgates the Circular No. 23/2019/TT-NHNN amending, supplementing some articles of Circular No. 39/2014/TT-NHNN on 11th Dec in 2014 guiding the intermediary payment services.
One of the new points of the Circular is the regulation on amending and supplementing of the provision of digital wallet. Firstly, when opening a digital wallet, customer must provide, update fully and accurately the information in the digital wallet opening file to providers of digital wallet services and take responsibility for the truthfulness of the provided information; providers of digital wallet services are responsible for checking, comparing and ensuring that the customer’s application for opening Digital wallet is complete, valid and must request customer to complete the linking of Digital wallet to their payment accounts or debit cards which was opened at associated bank before they use Digital wallet. Customer are allowed to associate Digital wallet with one or many of their payment accounts or debit cards (Digital wallet owner) which was opened at associated banks. It can be seen that this new regulation is reasonable, because Digital wallet are a non-cash payment method. Therefore, banks need to have specific information of users to avoid situation of one person opening multiple Wallet accounts for illegal purposes.
Secondly, money to Digital wallet must deposited from: (i) Customer’s payment account or debit card (Digital wallet owner) at the bank; (ii) Receiving money from other Digital wallet opened by the same Providers of Digital wallet services. Customers can use Digital wallet in order to: (i) Payment for legal goods and services; (ii) Transfer money to other Digital wallet opened by the same Providers of Digital wallet services; (iii) Withdraw money from Digital wallet back to customer’s payment account or debit card (Digital wallet owner) at the bank. One of the most remarkable thing is the new regulation on the total limit of transactions via personal Digital wallet of 01 customer at 01 Providers of Digital wallet services (including transactions of payment for legal goods and services and money transfer from Digital wallet to other Digital wallet opened by the same Providers of Digital wallet services) with maximum of VND 100 (one hundred) million in a month, except for personal Digital wallet of persons having contracts / agreements acting as payment acceptance units with Providers of Digital wallet. For organizations, the State Bank does not set the limit for Digital wallet transactions. The regulation of transaction limits for Digital wallet aims to minimize the risk of taking advantage of money laundering, gambling, and performing illegal activities that have been already difficult to manage.
Finally, The Circular stipulates the prohibition of using Digital wallet to conduct transactions for money laundering, terrorist financing, fraud, cheating and other violations of law; Prohibition of rent, lease, borrow, lend Digital wallet or buy and sell Digital wallet information; Supplementation conditions on tools of supervision on activities of providing Digital wallet services to the State Bank by Providers of Digital wallet services.
Lawyers in banking and financial service advisory desk of ANT Lawyers always follow the development of law, especially in fintech where changes are fast to cope with the development of technology and market demand, to provide update to its clients.
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