Investment Capital Account of Foreign Investors in Vietnam

According to Vietnam laws, any transaction relating to direct or indirect investment operation of foreigner must be implemented by an investment capital account opened in a licensed bank which is commercial bank or branch of foreign bank permitted to trade and supply foreign exchange service according to legal provisions. It is imperative that, the foreign exchange control in Vietnam is strictly regulated, it is suggested the investors whom invest in Vietnam to consult with banking lawyers in Vietnam to receive legal advice on transaction in the activities of investment through direct investment or M&A transactions.

In particular, the regulations on investment capital account of foreign investor are set forth in Circular No. 05/2014/TT-NHNN dated on March 12th, 2014 of the State Bank of Vietnam guiding the opening and use of indirectly- invested capital accounts for implementation of foreign indirect investment activities in Vietnam and Circular No. 19/2014/TT-NHNN dated on August 11th, 2014 of the State Bank of Vietnam guiding the foreign exchange management for the foreign direct investment in Vietnam.

What is Foreign Direct Investment?

Foreign direct investment in Vietnam means the transfer of capital for investment and participation in the management of investment activities in Vietnam by foreign investors.

The subject matters governed by Circular No. 19/2014/TT-NHNN include residents which are enterprises receiving the direct foreign investment; non-residents involved in the business cooperation agreement in Vietnam; non-residents who are foreign investors of FDI enterprises; organizations, individuals regarding the foreign direct investment in Vietnam.

The invested capital contribution of foreign and Vietnamese investors into an FDI enterprise must be performed in the form of money transfer into the direct investment accounts. In order to perform the foreign direct investment activities in Vietnam, FDI enterprise and foreigner participating in business cooperation contract are entitled to open their foreign currency and Vietnamese dong account of direct investment at a licensed bank.

What is Foreign Indirect Investment?

Foreign indirect investment in Vietnam means the investment into Vietnam by foreign investors through purchase and sale of securities, other valuable papers, contribution of capital and purchase of shares, and through securities investment funds, other intermediary financial institutions in accordance with the law of Vietnam but without direct participation in management of investment activities.

The subject matters governed by Circular 05/2014/TT-NHNN include foreign investors who are nonresidents conducting indirect investment activities in Vietnam; and organizations and individuals who are related to indirect investment activities in Vietnam. It means that this Circular does not govern foreign investors being residents who are foreign organizations and individuals. These subject mattes conduct indirect investment activities in Vietnam according to prevailing legal provisions on securities and other relevant normative legal documents.

All indirect investment activities of foreign investors in Vietnam must be conducted in Vietnam Dong. Transactions relating to foreign indirect investment activities must be conducted through an indirectly-invested capital account opened at a licensed bank.

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Hau Giang Reduces 50% Investment Licensing Time

Hau Giang province affirmed to speed up administrative procedures reformation, reducing 50% of the time for granting investment licenses and business registration, creating favorable conditions for investors when they set up business.

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In which, Hau Giang province is calling for investment in 7 key projects, including industrial zone infrastructure development, hi-tech agriculture and ecotourism… with a total investment of nearly 300 million USD.

According to the vice chairman of Hau Giang People’s Committee, besides the policies in accordance with general regulations, localities also have their own incentive mechanisms for investors such as tax incentives, land rent exemption and reduction, investment support for manufacturing, preservation and processing facilities…, especially projects for sustainable development of agriculture and high technology application…

Furthermore, Department of Planning and Investment of Hau Giang province affirmed that the local authorities will shorten the maximum time for carrying out procedures, creating favorable conditions for enterprises and investors. Specifically, the business registration procedure is 3 days according to the law, but the locality can complete in 1.5 days. Regarding the investment policy, the law regulates 32 days but it is shortened to 15 days by the locality; time to receive and appraise for issuing investment certificate is only 3 days; discounted 2 days as prescribed.

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Decree 118/2015/ND-CP Guiding the Investment Law 2014

Decree 118/2015/ND-CP was issued on November 12th 2015 by the Government. It takes effect from December 27th2015 clearly regulates some regulations of the Law on Investment on the application, control, publish investment business condition; measures to ensuring investment, investment incentives, investment procedures, operational implementation of investment projects and state management of investment projects.

Regarding investment conditions in Vietnam:

– In terms of the business investment sectors, investors may invest in conditional business lines when they meet the conditions of license, practicing certificate, certified professional liability insurance or other forms of required documents under the provisions of the covered agreements that Vietnam has signed or specific regulations of the law of Vietnam.

– In addition, investors also have to meet other conditions such as charter capital (for a certain number of business lines); forms of investment; scope of investment activities; Vietnam partners to join the investment execution.

– The form of investment for foreign investor:

+ Establish economic organization.

+ Capital contribution or share purchase.

+ Business cooperation contract.

+ Receive transfer of investment project.

– Foreign investors when investing in Vietnam in addition to meeting conditions like investor Vietnam, they will have to meet other specific conditions. Particularly for investors that have both Vietnam and foreign citizenships, they will be able to choose to apply the conditions for foreign investor or Vietnam investor.

On the issue of investment incentives, investors will receive incentives from the State in the following cases:

– Projects under the business lines of investment incentives.

– Investing in areas with difficult economic conditions.

– Project with capital from 6000 billion VND and will be disbursed within a period of 3 years.

– Investing in projects in rural areas and use more than 500 employees.

– Investment project in the fields of science and technology.

– For investment projects in Section 3 and 4 above will be entitled to preferential investment projects in areas with difficult economic conditions. The cases that projects simultaneously under both Section 1 and 2 above shall also enjoy incentives according to investment project in areas with difficult economic conditions.

Distinguishes 3 types of projects:

– The investment project that is not subject to the investment policy decision.

– The investment project under the jurisdiction on investment policy decision of the provincial People’s Committee.

– The project that is not subject to the granting of investment certificate.

In particular, for the project’s land that is granted, lease or allow the transfer of land use purposes by the State, it is necessary to deposit to ensure the investment. The deposit rate will be 3%, 2% or 1% depending on the scale of capital is 300 billion VND or above. Depends on the enjoyed incentives that the amount of deposit will be reduced according to different rate (the typical reduction rate is 25% or 50%).

Regarding the transfer of investment project:

Investor is allowed to transfer part or the whole of their investment project to other investor under the provisions of the law on investment (paragraph 1, article 45). In case when the transfer of projects generates income, investors must comply with the relevant tax obligations.

In addition, the Decree 118/2015 also provides details about:

– The procedures for the adjustment of investment projects in the case of division, separation, merger and transformation of economic organization (Article 38);

– The procedures for the termination of investment projects (Articles 41, 42);

– The investment procedures in the form of capital contribution, share purchase and capital contribution of foreign investors.

Decree 118/2015/ND-CP takes effect from December 27th 2015.

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Swedish firms look to spur investment in Vietnam

HCMC – Several leading Swedish businesses expressed their intentions to expand investment in Vietnam during a meeting with Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc in Stockholm on May 27.

Most of the participating companies, including Electrolux, Oriflame, Scania, ABB, Ericsson, Tetra Pak, and Volvo, have already been investing in Vietnam for many years, reported the Vietnam News Agency.

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In his opening speech, the Vietnamese leader spoke highly of the Swedish firms’ prestige in the global market, including Vietnam.

Phuc said that the Swedish government and its people have offered considerable assistance to the Vietnamese people during the fight for national independence in the past, as well as its course of development.

He expressed his hope that Swedish businesses will further invest and apply new, cutting-edge technologies in Vietnam, as well as engage in the country’s social and economic development process.

Leaders of Swedish companies expected the European Union-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) to be signed soon, thereby facilitating Swedish trade with Vietnam.

Jonas Samuelsson, president and chief executive officer of Swedish multinational home appliance manufacturer Electrolux, said that Vietnam is the most important market of the group in the Association of Southeast Asian Association, bringing in annual revenue of US$150 million.

He said Electrolux is seeking opportunities to boost its business in Vietnam since the country is showing its support for an open and free trade system, which is also a general trend in Asia.

Håkan Buskhe, president and CEO of Swedish aerospace and defense company Saab Group active all over the country, said that Saab spends a quarter of its revenue into the research and development sector on a yearly basis.

He added the group has partnered with Vietnamese firms in airspace and seaport management, so it stands ready to transfer its technologies to them.

Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications giant Ericsson has established its foothold in Vietnam since 1993, according to the company’s executive vice president Fredrik Jejdling.

Jejdling revealed that the company would coordinate with Vietnamese military-run telecom firm Viettel to develop the fifth-generation (5G) network service. This would help upgrade G5 infrastructure, enabling the country to adopt Internet of Things solutions.

He pledged to support Vietnam in developing the innovative network through software and technological solutions.

Johan Söderström, managing director for ABB in Sweden that has been operating in the Southeast Asian nation since 1993, expressed his desire to boost solutions about innovation and sustainable development, including robot technology.

He also showed a strong commitment to bolstering cooperation with Vietnam, especially in developing the electricity grid network.

PM Phuc affirmed that Vietnam’s competent agencies would provide the best possible support for Swedish businesses to expand investment. He also promised to canvass their opinions and remove obstacles so that these major companies can help bring advanced technologies to Vietnam.

As a gateway of ASEAN markets and with many new-generation free trade agreements already or about to be signed, Vietnam is an open market for Swedish enterprises, the PM added.

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Enterprise establishment service in Vietnam

ANT Lawyers provides enterprise establishment consulting service for domestic and foreign customers as the following services:

-To consult to establish Joint Stock Company;

-To consult to establish One member Limited liability company;

-To consult to establish Limited liability Company with Two or more members;

-To consult to establish Partnership company;

-To consult to establish Private enterprises;

-To consult to establish Sole trader;

-To consult to establish foreign invested company;

-To consult to establish the parent company, corporations.

Customers procedures established in the ANT Lawyers will enjoy some preferential services such as:

1. Contents of enterprise establishment consulting service:

-To consult legal regulation related to the establishment, operation and management of enterprises;

-To consult to set up personnel structure of the company;

-To consult to select types of enterprises;

-To consult to choose the name of company (lookup and select the appropriate name as the request of customers);

-To consult about the head office of the enterprise;

-To consult on capital, legal capital, investment capital;

-To consult on business lines (lines requires legal capital , professional certification or other conditions);

-To draft legal dossiers for setting up the company (Request for business registration, charter, founders list and other documents as prescribed by law);

-To consult for business on tax issues, financial obligations after the enterprise have been established and the process of production and business activities;

2. Our tasks in the enterprise establishment services:

ANTLawyers will on behalf of clients to perform the following tasks:

-Drafting and preparation the enterprise establishment dossier as regulations;

-To apply the dossier for business and tax codes registration in the Department of Planning and Investment;

-To monitor progress and inform regularly results to clients;

-To obtain the Investment Certificate from the DPI;

-Filing and registration the seal for Company at the Police Department;

-To obtain the seal and the certificate of the seal for the Company at the Police Department;

-To guide the customers to follow procedures in the relevant state authority (as needed);

3. Documents required to provide by clients:

-Information requested form of business;

-A copy of ID / passport of members / founding shareholder who is individual (notarized);

-A copy of business registration / establishment decisions of members / founding shareholders who is organization.

4. Client’s benefits after establishment:

-To be consulted and offered free the activating annual tax dossier, records and procedures for billing the enterprise;

-To consult the necessary tasks of the new enterprise;

-To consult human resources management , provide free labor contracts and the forms of management personnel;

-To consult the procedures for salary scale registration, the social insurance registration of company;

-To consult on tax matters, tax refund, tax credit;

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List of Investment Sectors With Conditions Applied to Foreign Investors

In general, investment is encouraged in Vietnam. However, when setting up a company in Vietnam, foreign investors need to be aware of investment sectors with conditions applied to foreign investors in Vietnam.

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The following sectors with investment conditions are issued with Decree 108/2006/ND-CP dated September 22nd 2006 of the Government on guiding the implementation of some Articles in the Law on Investment:

1. Radio and television.

2. Production, publication and distribution of cultural products.

3. Mining and mineral processing.

4. Set up telecommunication network infrastructures, broadcasting, provide telecommunications and internet services.

5. Construction of the public postal network, provide postal services, delivery services.

6. Construction and operation of river ports, sea ports, airports.

7. Transportation of goods and passengers by railway, airway, road, sea, inland waterway.

8. Fishing.

9. Tobacco production.

10. Real estate business.

11. Businesses in the field of export, import and distribution.

12. Education and training.

13. Hospital and clinic.

14. Other areas of investment in the international treaties to which Vietnam is a member that restricting the market access for foreign investors.

The investment conditions applicable to foreign investors with investment projects in the fields of investment provided with this list shall be in accordance with the provisions of the international treaties to which Vietnam is a member.

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Forms of Investment in Vietnam

Foreign investors when setting up business in Vietnam need to be advised by a law firm in Vietnam on forms of investment.

According to the Vietnam Law on Investment (2005), foreign investors in Vietnam through direct investment and indirect investment.

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The direct investment is when the investor invests its invested capital and participates in the management of the investment activities, includes:

– To establish economic organizations in the form of one hundred per cent (100%) capital of domestic investors or one hundred per cent (100%) capital of foreign investors.

– To establish joint venture economic organizations between domestic and foreign investors.

– To invest in the contractual forms of: BCC, BO, BTO, and BT.

– To invest in business development.

– To purchase shares or to contribute capital in order to participate in management of investment activities.

– To invest in the carrying out of a merger and acquisition of an enterprise.

– To carry out other forms of direct investment.

Foreign investor will be considered for acceptance by the competent authorities and be granted Investment Certificate.

Indirect investment means a form of investment whereby the investor contribute the capital but do not participate directly in the management of the investment activity, includes:

– Purchase of shareholding, shares, bonds and other valuable papers;

– Through securities investment funds;

– Through other intermediary financial institutions.

Types of enterprise for foreign investors to invest in Vietnam

a) Limited Liability Company

Limited Liability Company is a form of enterprise which is established by contributing of members. A member shall be liable for the debts and other property obligations of the enterprise within the amount of capital that it has undertaken to contribute to the enterprise.

Limited liability companies are regulated by two types:

– One member Limited Liability Company is an enterprise owned by one organization or individual;

– Limited Liability Company with two or more members is an enterprise owned by organizations or individuals, in which the number of members shall not less than two members and not exceed fifty.

Organizational and management structure of Limited Liability Company normally comprise of a Member’s Council, General Director or Director.

b) Joint Stock Company

Joint Stock Company is an enterprise which has charter capital divided into equal portions called shares. The minimum number of shareholders shall be three and there shall be no restriction on the maximum number.

Shareholders shall be liable for the debts and other property obligations of the enterprise only within the amount of capital contributed to the enterprise.

Joint Stock Companies may issue all types of securities to raise funds. Founding shareholders must together register to subscribe at least twenty per cent (20%) of the number of ordinary shares which may be offered for sale.

The main difference between Joint Stock Company and Limited Liability Company is the Joint Stock Company can raise funds by offering shares or securities. In addition, an enterprise tends to join the Stock exchanges or public company must be a Joint Stock Company. Management system of Joint Stock Company is more complicated than Liability Company.

c) Partnership

A partnership is an enterprise which must be at least two members being co-owners of the company jointly conducting business under one common name. In addition to unlimited liability partners, there may be limited liability partners.

Unlimited liability partners must be individuals who shall be liable for the obligations of the company to the extent of all of their assets. Limited liability partners shall only be liable for the debts of the company to the extent of the amount of capital they have contributed to the company.

d) Representative Office of foreign trader

A foreign business entity or a foreign trader is allowed to establish Representative Office in Vietnam.

Representative office of a foreign business entity in Vietnam (referred as “Representative Office”) means a subsidiary unit of the foreign business entity, established in accordance with the law of Vietnam in order to survey markets and to undertake a number of commercial enhancement activities permitted by the law of Vietnam.

Representative Office will need to apply and obtain the establishment license; and have a seal bearing the name of the representative office.

Representative Office is not allowed to directly conduct profit making activities in Vietnam (i.e: the execution of contracts, direct payment or receipt of funds, sale or purchase of goods, or provision of services), but the representative Office is permitted to

-To operate strictly in accordance with the purposes, scope and duration stated in the license for establishment of such representative office;

-To rent offices and to lease or purchase the equipment and facilities necessary for the operation of the Representative Office;

-To recruit Vietnamese and foreign employees to work for the Representative Office in -accordance with the law of Vietnam;

To open accounts in foreign currency and in Vietnamese Dong sourced from foreign currency at banks which are licensed to operate in Vietnam, and to use such accounts solely for the operation of the Representative Office.

e) Branch of foreign trader

The Branch of a foreign business entity in Vietnam (referred as “The Branch”) means a subsidiary unit of the foreign business entity, established in accordance with the law of Vietnam in order to enter into contracts in Vietnam and conduct activities being the purchase and sale of goods and other commercial activities consistent with its license for establishment in accordance with the law of Vietnam and any international treaty to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a member.

The Branch will need to apply and obtain the establishment license; and have a seal bearing the name of the Branch.

The Branch is permitted to conduct activities being the purchase and sale of goods and other commercial activities consistent with its license for establishment in accordance with the law of Vietnam and any international treaty to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a member.

f) The investing measures by signing Contracts

Business co-operation contract (BCC) means the investment form signed between investors in order to co-operate in business and to share profits or products without creating a legal entity.

Build-operate-transfer contract (BOT) means the investment form signed by a competent State body and an investor in order to construct and operate commercially an infrastructure facility for a fixed duration; and, upon expiry of the duration, the investor shall, without compensation, transfer such facility to the State of Vietnam.

Build-transfer-operate contract (BTO) means the investment form signed by a competent State body and an investor in order to construct an infrastructure facility; and, upon completion of construction, the investor shall transfer the facility to the State of Vietnam and the Government shall grant the investor the right to operate commercially such facility for a fixed duration in order to recover the invested capital and gain profits.

Build-transfer contract (BT) means the investment form signed by a competent State body and an investor in order to construct an infrastructure facility; and, upon completion of construction, the investor shall transfer the facility to the State of Vietnam and the Government shall create conditions for the investor to implement another project in order to recover the invested capital and gain profits or to make a payment to the investor in accordance with an agreement in the BT contract.

Foreign investors may sign BOT, BT and BTO contracts with a competent State body to implement infrastructure construction projects in Vietnam. Typically, the contracts are for projects in the fields of transportation, electricity production, water supply, drainage and waste treatment.

The rights and obligations of the foreign investor will be regulated by the signed BOT, BT and BTO contract. The Government encourages both public- and private-sector investors to participate in BOT, BTO and BT in the following sectors:

(i) Construction, operation and management of brand-new infrastructure facilities; and

(ii) Renovation, expansion, modernization, operation and management of the existing infrastructure facilities such as:

• Roads, bridges, tunnels, and ferry landings;

• Railway bridges and railway tunnels;

• Airports, seaports and river ports;

• Clean water supply systems; sewage systems;

• Wastewater, waste collecting and handling systems;

• Power plants and power transmission lines;

• Infrastructure works of health service, education, training, career training, culture, sport and offices of State agencies; and

• Other projects as may be determined by the Prime Minister

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Transfer of Investment Projects in Vietnam

Investment law firm inVietnam

Under the current Law on Investment, investors are entitled to transfer part or all of the project to another investor when satisfied the specific conditions and conducting to procedure of project adjustment under the regulation of law.

The conditions of project transfer

- The project is not terminated in the cases as prescribed in Clause 1 Article 48 of Law on investment;

- Investment conditions applied to foreign investors are satisfied in case the foreign investor receives a project of investment in conditional business lines;

- Regulations of law on law, real estate trading is complied with if the project transfer is associated with transfer of land;

- Conditions in the Certificate of investment registration or relevant regulations of law are complied with.

Preparation of dossier

- A written request for permission for project adjustments;

- A report on the project’s progress up to the time of transfer;

- The project transfer contractor an other document with equivalent legal value;

- Copies of the ID card or passport (if the investor is an individual) or Certificate of Enterprise Registration or another document with equivalent legal value (if the investor is an organization);

- Copies of the Investment Registration Certificate or decision on investment guidelines (if any);

- Copies of the BCC contract (for BCC projects);

- Copies of one of the following documents of the transferee: financial statements of the last 02 years; commitment to provide financial support by the parent company, commitment to provide financial support by a financial institution, the guarantee of transferee’s financial capacity, documents describing the transferee’s financial capacity;

Order and procedure

- Investors submit the dossier at Department of Planning and Investment (or Management of Economic Zone or High-tech Zone);

- Within a period of 10 working days from the date of receipt the complete and valid dossier for an investment project operating under an investment license and not subject to decision of investment policy (or 28 working days from the date of receipt the complete and valid dossier for an investment project which is subject to investment decision of the provincial People’s Committee; 47 working days from the date of receipt the complete and valid dossier for the investment project subject to the decision of the Prime Minister), the competent authorities consider and decide to adjust the investment registration certificate to the investor transferring the project.

Before transferring an investment project, investors need to evaluate the legal situation, apart from the financial, personnel, and other key issues of the project, which are subject of the transfer. Therefore, to ensure effective transfer, investors often engage law firms with highly qualified lawyers in Vietnam to conduct M&A legal due diligence related to the legal documentation of the owner, capital contribution of the shareholder or member, tangible assets (land use rights, plant and machinery, equipment, etc.) and invisible assets (including industrial property rights), licenses, contracts or transactions of great value, taxes and other legal risks such as litigation or disputes which could significantly impact the project..

The transfer of an investment project is an administrative procedure with a state agencies that is only smooth when the parties reached agreements. In fact, the transfer of the investment project’s timeline depends on the appraisal and evaluation process of the parties involved in the project.

How ANT Lawyers Could Help Your Business?

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