Conditional Business Lines Under Law on Investment in Vietnam

Law on amendment and supplement to Article 6 and Annex 4 on the list of conditional business lines stipulated in the Law on Investment has been ratified by the 14th national assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at the second meeting session dated November 22nd, 2016.

Accordingly, pursuant to the constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the National Assembly issues the list of conditional business lines stipulated in the Law on Investment no. 67/2014/QH13.

The enterprises which are established to operate in the area of conditional business have to comply with conditions regulated by law before conducting business operation in Vietnam.

Foreign investor if wishing to set up company in the conditional areas has to meet additional investment conditions depending on international treaties, WTO commitment by Vietnam, and other specialized laws in Vietnam. It is advised that the foreign investor to contact Vietnam law firms to be advised on the establishment of company in Vietnam to receive the proper legal advice.

We are listing the conditional business lines for the reference below.

No. LINES OF BUSINESS

1. Manufacture of seals

2. Sale (and repair) of combat gear

3. Sale of fireworks other than firecrackers

4. Sale of camouflaged software and equipment used for audio and video recording and positioning;

5. Paintball gun business

6. Sale of military equipment and military goods for the use of the armed forces, military weapons, specialized military equipment and vehicles for the use of the army and police; special military components, accessories, materials and equipment and military engineering

7. Pawning services

8. Massage services

9. Sale emergency signaling devices

10. Debt collection services

11. Security services

12. Fire safety services

13. Lawyer’s practice

14. Notary’s practice

15. Judicial assessment in the fields of finance, banking, construction, antiques, relics, copyrights

16. Auctioneering services

17. Commercial arbitration services

18. Bailiff’s practice

19. Liquidation and safeguarding of assets of enterprises and cooperatives in the pending time of bankruptcy

20. Accounting services

21. Auditing services

22. Tax agent services

23. Customs brokerage services

24. Sale of duty-free goods

25. Bonded warehouse and container freight station business

26. Premises for conducting customs procedures, customs gathering, inspection and supervision for rent.

27. Securities trading

28. Securities registration, depository, offsetting, and liquidation services by Vietnam Securities Depository/organizations trading in listed securities and other securities.

29. Insurance business

30. Reinsurance business

31. Insurance brokerage

32. Insurance agents

33. Property assessment service

34. Lottery business

35. Casino video games for foreigners

36. Debt trade services

37. Ratings services

38. Casino business

39. Betting business

40. Voluntary pension fund management services

41. Oil and gas business

42. Gas trading

43. Manufacture and repair of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) bottles

44. Commercial assessment services

45. Sale and destruction of industrial explosives

46. Sale of explosive precursors

47. Industrial explosives and explosive precursors –based business

48. Blasting services

49. Sale of chemicals other than prohibited chemicals stipulated in the International Convention on prohibition of development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons on their destruction

50. Alcohol business

51. Sale of tobacco, cigarette, machinery and equipment for tobacco industries

52. Sale of foods under the administration of the Ministry of Industry and Trade

53. Commodity exchange operation

54. Electricity generation, transmission, distribution, wholesale, retail, import, export and consultancy

55. Rice export

56. Temporary import and re-export of goods subjected to special excise duty

57. Temporary import and export frozen foods

58. Temporary import and re-export of goods on the List of used goods

59. Franchising

60. Logistics services

61. Sale of minerals

62. Sale of industrial precursors

63. Commodity trading and business activities directly related to commodity trading by foreign investors and foreign-invested business entities

64. Multi-level marketing business

65. E-commerce business

66. Petroleum business

67. Energy audit

68. Vocational training

69. Assessment of the quality of vocational education

70. Occupational skill assessment services

71. Occupational safety inspection services

72. Occupational safety and health training

73. Employment agencies

74. Overseas employment services

75. Voluntary drug detoxification services

76. Outsourcing

77. Road transport services

78. Automobile maintenance

79. Manufacture, assembly and import of automobiles

80. Motor vehicles inspection services

81. Driver training services

82. Traffic safety inspector training services

83. Driving test services

84. Traffic safety inspection services

85. Waterway transport services

86. Building, repair and renovation of watercraft

87. Inland watercraft crewmen and operator training services

88. Training, recruitment and supply of marine crews

89. Maritime safety services

90. Shipping services and shipping agencies

91. Towage services

92. Import and demolition of used ships

93. Building, renovation and repair of ships

94. Seaport operation business

95. Air transport business

96. Design, manufacture, maintenance and testing of aircrafts, their engines, propellers, avionics and equipment thereof in Vietnam

97. Airport operation business

98. Aviation service at airports

99. Air navigation services

100. Flight crew training services

101. Rail transport business

102. Rail infrastructure business

103. Urban railway business

104. Multimodal transport

105. Transport of dangerous goods

106. Pipeline transport business

107. Real estate business

108. Provision of training in real estate brokerage and property exchange operation

109. Provision of training in apartment building operation.

110. Construction management consulting services

111. Construction surveying services

112. (Construction) design and assessment services

113. Construction supervision services

114. Construction services

115. Construction activities by foreign contractors

116. Construction cost management services

117. Construction quality assessment services

118. Construction experiment services

119. Apartment building operation services

120. Cremation facility operation services

121. Construction planning services

122. Urban planning consulting services provided by foreign entities

123. Sale of white asbestos of Serpentine group

124. Postal services

125. Telecommunications services

126. Certification of digital signatures

127. Publishing

128. Printing services, except for printing of package

129. Publication services

130. Social networking services

131. Online game business

132. Paid radio and television services

133. News website development services

134. Processing, recycling, repair and renovation of used IT products of foreign owners which are on the List of used IT products banned from import

135. Provision of information via telecommunications and internets

136. “.vn” domain name registration and maintenance services

137. Cybersecurity products and services

138. Civil cryptography services and products

139. Sale of potable jamming devices

140. Preschool education business

141. Secondary school education business

142. Higher education business

143. Operation of foreign-invested education institutions, representative offices of foreign education institutions in Vietnam and branches of foreign-invested education institutions

144. Continuing education business

145. Operation of special schools

146. Association in education with foreign countries

147. Education quality assessment

148. Overseas study consulting services

149. Fishing

150. Sale of aquatic products

151. Sale of aquatic feed and animal feeds

152. Animal feed and aquatic feed testing services

153. Sale of biological preparations, microorganism, chemicals and environmental remediation agents used for aquaculture

154. Building and renovation of fishing vessels

155. Breeding, raising, artificial propagation of wild animals and plants according to CITES Appendix

156. Breeding, raising, artificial propagation of wild, endangered and rare animals and plants according to CITES Appendix

157. Breeding and raising of normal wild animals

158. Export, import, re-export, transit and introduction of marine specimens stipulated in CITES Appendix

159. Export, import and re-export of specimens bred, raised and artificially propagated according to CITES Appendix

160. Sale of forest animals and plants restricted from use for commercial purposes

161. Sale of plant protection products

162. Processing of items subjected to undergo plant quarantine

163. Pesticide testing services

164. Plant protection services

165. Sale of veterinary medicines, vaccines, biological preparations, microorganisms and chemicals used in veterinary medicine

166. Veterinary technical services

167. Animal testing and surgery

168. Provision of vaccination, diagnosis, prescription, treatment and healthcare services for animals

169. Veterinary medicine testing and assay (including veterinary medicines, aquatic veterinary medicines, biological preparations, microorganisms and chemicals used for veterinary medicines, aquatic veterinary medicines)

170. Concentrated husbandry

171. Slaughtering

172. Sale of foods under the administration of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

173. Animals and animal product quarantine services

174. Sale of fertilizers

175. Fertilizer testing services

176. Sale of plant varieties and animal breeds

177. Sale of aquatic breeds

178. Testing of plant varieties and animal breeds

179. Aquatic breed testing services

180. Testing and assay of biological preparations, microorganism, chemicals and environmental remediation agents used for aquaculture

181. Sale of genetically modified products

182. Medical treatment and examination

183. HIV testing services

184. Tissue banking services

185. Reproduction assistance, sperm and embryo cryopreservation

186. Testing of microorganisms causing infectious diseases

187. Vaccination

188. Opioid substitution therapy

189. Plastic surgery

190. Surrogacy service

191. Pharmaceutical business

192. Cosmetics production

193. Sale of chemicals, pesticides, germicides for the use in medical appliances

194. Sale of foods under the administration of the Ministry of Health

195. Sale of medical equipment

196. Medical equipment classification services

197. Medical equipment testing services

198. Appraisal of intellectual property (including appraisal of the copyrights and others relevant, appraisal of industrial properties and plant breeder’s rights)

199. Radiological services

200. Assistance in application of atomic energy

201. Assessment of conformity

202. Testing, calibration and inspection of measuring instruments and measurement standards

203. Manufacture of biker helmets

204. Technology assessment and evaluation services

205. Intellectual property presentation services

206. Film production and distribution

207. Antique appraisal services

208. Development of project planning, construction, project supervision, maintenance, renovation and restoration of relics

209. Karaoke and nightclub business

210. Travel services

211. Sport business and professional sport clubs

212. Business involving art and fashion shows, model contests and beauty pageants

213. Sale of art performance video and audio recording

214. Accommodation services

215. Advertising

216. Trading in national relics, antiques and treasures

217. Export of relics and antiques other than those under the ownerships of the Government, political organizations and political-social organizations; import of cultural products under the administration of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism

218. Museum services

219. Video game business (other than casino video games for foreigners and online casino video games)

220. Land assessment and survey consulting services

221. Land use planning services

222. Information technology infrastructure and land information software system development services

223. Land database development services

224. Land pricing services

225. Geodesic and cartographic services

226. Meteorological and hydrological forecasting services

227. Groundwater drilling and exploration services

228. Extraction and use of water resources, discharge of wastewater into water sources

229. Basic survey and consulting services for preparation of water resource planning, schemes and reports

230. Mineral exploration

231. Mineral extraction

232. Transport and treatment of hazardous wastes

233. Import of scraps

234. Environmental monitoring services

235. Sale of biological preparations from waste treatment

236. Commercial bank business operations

237. Non-credit institution business operations

238. Business operations of cooperatives, people’s credit funds and microfinance institutions

239. Payment intermediary services

240. Credit information services

241. Foreign exchange activities by non-credit institutions

242. Gold trading

243. Money printing and minting

How ANT Lawyers Could Help Your Business?

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How Exploiting and Using Water Resources are Regulated in Vietnam

Water is an important resource of the country, all business activities, production and living all need water resources. Therefore, the exploitation and use of water resources are under the control of the Vietnam state authorities, to protect the resources, and avoid the waste that impact the environment.

The Vietnamese legal system has a wide range of legal provisions on water resources, including the Law on Water Resources; Law on Environmental Protection and supporting decrees. These legal documents are firm legal basis in the management and protection of water resources.

The state shall define the principles for exploitation, use and protection of water resources, which are the responsibility of all agencies, organizations and individuals; Must comply with strategies and master plans on water resources already approved by competent state management agencies; Effective exploitation and use, the law stipulates the order of priority for allocating water sources to ensure the balance between regions and domains. This priority includes prioritizing regional allocations (agreements between regions, governmental decisions) and prioritizing allocations based on water use purposes (domestic, agricultural, fisheries, power generation, industrial, transportation, preservation of cultural and historical value, exploitation and processing of minerals).

The Vietnam legal system on water resources is divided into two groups, one is the exploitation and use of water resources without registration and permission; the other is the exploitation and uses of water resources have to register and apply the license. For exploitation and use, registration must include water used for household activities; Small scale use for production, business and services; using sea water to produce salt; using water for religious activities, scientific research; water use for fire prevention, incident response and other emergencies. Water users will be required to pay water use fees as agreed in the water service contract. The price of water used by state agencies is determined and adjusted in accordance with the principles and actual use.

Apart from the above-said cases, the exploitation and use of water resources for permission of state agencies, including: exploitation of surface water and sea water; Groundwater exploration; exploitation and use of underground water; The above-said forms must be registered, permitted and permitted to conduct investment activities only when they are granted permits according to the provisions of law. The term of the license varies from 2 years to 10 years, suitable for exploitation and use, ensuring the stability as well as the protection of the environment to the maximum. At the end of the license period, the license renewal will be considered.

In addition to the exploitation and use of water resources of individuals and organizations, water resources investigation and assessment are also strictly regulated. Accordingly, the inventory of water resources must be implemented uniformly throughout the country, every five years, in accordance with national socio-economic development regulations. The responsibility for inventorying water resources is the coordination among relevant agencies, ministries and agencies such as the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; Ministries and ministerial-level agencies related to construction activities; Provincial People’s Committee.

In addition to using, exploiting water resources, another issue that is always on top of wastewater treatment. The treatment of wastewater must comply with the technical standards for wastewater. The Vietnam state always has projects and incentives for investment in wastewater treatment such as preferential land use fees, technical infrastructure investment support, other incentives,

All acts of violating the provisions of law on water resource and waste water treatment shall be handled according to the provisions of law. Depending on the circumstances, the level of treatment will be different, such as the handling of administrative violations or the handling of criminal offenses. The maximum fines amount to 1 billion VND for individual violations and 2 billion VND for organizations.

ANT Lawyers is a law firm in Vietnam located in the business centers of Hanoi, Danang and Ho Chi Minh City. We provide convenient access to our clients. Please contact us to book your time in advanced to let us provide our best service. 

Call us at (+84) 24 32 23 27 71 or send us email ant@antlawyers.vn

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The Government Continues to Exempt Visas for Western European Countries

It has been announced on May 3rd, 2018 that visa exemption policy for 5 Western European countries has been extended as part of the Vietnam immigration policy to attract tourists to Vietnam. At the same time, the Government has decided to increase the exemption period from one year to three years.

Accordingly, the Government has a high consensus and the Prime Minister has decided to continue the visa exemption for five Western European countries, including England, France, Germany, Spain and Italy. As previous regulation, the visa exemption will be expired at the end of June 2018. The exemption period has also increased from one year to three years.

Visa policy is considered to be an extension of the tourism industry because Vietnam is a country has strict visa policies, with only visa exemption for citizens of 24 countries, much less than other countries in the region.

For example, Indonesia exempts visas from 168 countries, Malaysia 162 countries, Singapore or the Philippines 159 countries, Thailand 57 countries. Besides that, these countries apply the policy of issuing visas at the border and electronic visas.

Western Europe is considered a high-paying group. Statistics show that the first visa exemption year (2015) has 720 thousand guests. In 2016, the number of visitors increased 16%, turnover reached 202 million.

In 2017, Western European visitors reached 1.5 million people, contributing to the record of the first-time Vietnam reaching 12.9 million international visitors.

According to many experts, if visas for these countries are not renewed, tourism industry of Vietnam will lose 20% of its visitors from large markets with a loss of several hundred million USD. However, losses will not stop there, as guests may form a habit of not coming to Vietnam.

This new immigration regulation will start from July 1st, 2018.

ANT Lawyers is a law firm in Vietnam located in the business centers of Hanoi, Danang and Ho Chi Minh City. We provide convenient access to our clients. Please contact us to book your time in advanced to let us provide our best service. 

Call us at (+84) 24 32 23 27 71 or send us email ant@antlawyers.vn 

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Preferential Policies When Investing in DaNang Hi-Tech Park

Danang has been growing to become attractive destination for investment due to favourable conditions offered by the city administration to bring foreign investor investing into hi-tech park.

Danang is one of the five large cities of Vietnam and is the key economic hub of Central Vietnam. The location of Danang is one of the important gateway to the sea of the Central Highlands and Laos, Cambodia and Thailand to the Northeast Asia countries through the East-West Economic Corridor, and located in one of the international sea routes and air routes. Danang has a geographic location that is particularly conducive to rapid and sustainable development.

See more: Benefits of Investors in Setting up a Business in Da Nang

Danang Hi-tech Park was established in accordance with Decision No.1979/QD-TTg dated October 28th2010, after two Hi-tech Parks in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, with the hope of developing the science and technology of Da Nang, the Central Region and Central Highlands of Vietnam. Covering an area of 1,129.76 hectares and the infrastructure is gradually being completed with production areas, research and development, training and nursery enterprises, administrative management, housing, logistics, logistics and high- tech services. Da Nang Hi-tech Park is expected to be the attractive place where domestic and foreign investors favourable infrastructure and incentives. Danang Hi-tech Park shall give priority to the setting up of company in high-tech areas i.e. bio-technology for agriculture, fisheries and health; microelectronics, mechatronics and optoelectronics, automation and precision engineering; information technology, communication, informatics software; petrochemical service technology. Danang is a priority city for the development of environmentally friendly industries and services, therefore investors will not be allowed to trade in industries that threaten to pollute the environment and affect national security or industries using obsolete technologies.

In addition to the infrastructure development, Danang also offers investment incentives to attract domestic and foreign investors to invest in Danang Hi-tech Park such as Decision No. 36/2013/QD-UBND and most recently Decree No. 04/2018/ND-CP will take effect from February. Decree No. 04/2018/ND-CP has given great investment incentives to investors when investing in Danang Hi-tech park. Having policies to attract domestic investment and FDI, whereby investors invest in Danang Hi-tech Park will be exempted from all or part of land rent and site clearance in some specific cases. In addition, when investing in Danang Hi-tech Park, the enterprises will be entitled to corporate income tax incentives for 15 to 30 years and exemption on corporate income tax for 4 years, and reduction of 50% for 9 years later to enterprise having new investment projects. Goods imported to be fixed assets in Hi-tech Park or machinery and equipment which cannot be produced at domestic will be exempted from import tax. In addition, experts and workers who are foreigners/overseas Vietnamese working in Hi-tech park and their family members may be considered for issuance of multiple entry and exit visas with appropriate time limits for entry purposes in accordance with the laws.

The economics of Danang is growing and the special incentives have been offered to attract investment from the city administration. This is the opportunities for investors both domestic and foreigners to invest in Danang.

ANT Lawyers is a law firm in Vietnam located in the business centers of Hanoi, Danang and Ho Chi Minh City. We provide convenient access to our clients. Please contact us to book your time in advanced to let us provide our best service. 

Call us at (+84) 24 32 23 27 71 or send us email ant@antlawyers.vn

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The Purposes of Using Criminal Record Card

Under Clause 1, Article 2 of the Law on Criminal Record 2009, criminal record card is the records on the previous convictions of a person that is sentenced under valid court judgments or decisions, and banning individual from holding position, establishing or managing enterprises and cooperatives in cases where the enterprises or cooperatives are declared bankrupt by the court.

Article 7 – The Law on Criminal Record 2009 regulates that the following individual, agencies and organizations may request competent agencies to issue Criminal Record card:

Vietnamese citizens and foreigners who have been or are residing in Vietnam have the right to request the issuance of their criminal record cards;

Proceeding agencies may request the issuance of criminal record card for investigation, prosecution and trial;

State agencies, political organizations and socio-political organizations may request the issuance of criminal record to serve the personnel management, business registration, establishment and management of enterprises and cooperatives.

Criminal record cards include:

a/ Criminal record card no.1 is issued to individual, agencies and organizations defined in Clauses 1 and 3, Article 7 of this Law;

b/ Criminal record card no.2 is issued to agencies conducting the proceedings, defined in Clause 2, Article 7 of this Law and issued at the request of the individual so that he/she can know the contents of his/her criminal resume.

The basic difference of these two types is that the criminal record card no.1 only records the sentence has not been removed. If the case has been deleted, it will state “no criminal record”. The criminal record card no.2 records all previous criminal convictions regardless of whether they were deleted or not.

ANT Lawyers is a law firm in Vietnam located in the business centers of Hanoi, Danang and Ho Chi Minh City. We provide convenient access to our clients. Please contact us to book your time in advanced to let us provide our best service. 

Call us at (+84) 24 32 23 27 71 or send us email ant@antlawyers.vn 

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Equity of PPP investors must make up 20% of total investment

Investors involved in projects under the public-private partnership (PPP) must have equity accounting for at least 20% of total investment capital, according to a recently released decree of the Government.

Decree 63/2018 issued early this month to replace Decree 15/2015 will come into force on June 19, 2018, with some radical revisions, one of which is an equity requirement of 20% instead of 15%. However, this rule only applies to projects worth less than VND1.5 trillion or roughly US$65 million.

With projects whose total investments are over VND1.5 trillion, the ratio of equity cannot be lower than 20% of the VND1.5-trillion amount and is not smaller than 10% of the remaining amount. 

The involvement of the State in PPP projects includes capital contributed by the State, payments for investors, land, office space, infrastructure handed over to investors, business rights transferred to investors in case of build-transfer (BT) contracts, capital to assist construction of supporting works, compensation, site clearance and resettlement.

See more: Transfer of Investment Projects in Vietnam

Meanwhile, Decree 15/2015 limits State investments in PPP projects to State capital, government bonds, municipal bonds, official development assistance (ODA) capital, and concessional loans from international donors.

According to the Ministry of Planning and Investment, the old decree restricts the participation of other legal public capital sources, which hence does not make it attractive to investors.

Regarding project transfers, the new decree provides tighter conditions than the old one. In particular, Decree 15/2015 allows an investor to transfer partial or entire rights and obligations in a certain project to the lender or another investor, even when the project is being implemented or is already finished.

Meanwhile, under Decree 63/2018, the investor can transfer partial or entire rights and duties in the project to the lender or another investor after construction work is done or when the project is in operation.

Regarding investment incentives, investors are given preferential corporate income tax, and get land use fees exempted or reduced while implementing the project.

In addition, legal assets of investors are not nationalized or seized with administrative measures.

In case of asset seizure for security purposes, investors will get compensation.

Source: The Saigon Times

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Scope of works of Mergers and Acquisition Lawyers

Due to the globalization of markets, intensification of competition in the business world, beginning of mass privatization, intensive development of private and mixed forms of companies, Mergers and acquisitions have become quite common. These days, companies agree to Mergers and acquisitions to make changes in their business operations, both quantitatively and qualitatively within a short period of time. But, the bitter truth is that most of the M & A transaction fail to get the predictable success and all those companies that go under transaction suffer a great loss in the long run.

If you handle a company or a business organization and mulling to strike an M & A transaction, it will be advantageous for you to seek the legal consultation from mergers and acquisition lawyers. They can help you in many ways. Some key points are detailed here below. Just wade through it carefully. You will be able to know how helpful they are in M & A transactions:

1. To Prepare Grounds For Mergers And Acquisitions

In simple words, Merger is a process in which the assets and operations of the two different companies are joined and controlled by the management of a new company which comprises shareholders, employees, investors, CEOs, Managers, etc, of the original companies. On the other hand, an acquisition is a process in which one company obtains control over another by acquiring a controlling stake with the right to vote.

Mergers and acquisitions of companies or business firms are regulated by different laws. Most of the companies are unfamiliar with the rapidly changing laws in this regard and they end of making mistakes unknowingly which may invite problems from the law enforcement agencies and the government in the long run.

Therefore, they must hire M&A law firms to conduct Mergers and acquisitions as per the existing law and avoid legal problems easily and quickly. Law firms have expert lawyers that can help you to prepare the terms and conditions for M & A transactions keeping its legal provisions in mind.

2. Company Valuation For Mergers And Acquisitions

As companies go under M & A transactions for development, improving competitiveness, increasing profitability, it is very important for them to evaluate the revenues and profits of the targeted companies, their production capacities, existing property rights to real estate objects, trademarks, intellectual property, licenses, client base, etc. It helps them to adequately determine the actual value of the company and suggest a legitimate price for M & A transactions. Financial and legal consultants, auditors, and independent appraisers can help you a lot in this regard and determine the actual worth of it by evaluating its sales, income tax returns, the value of properties, etc.

3. Protection From Legal Action Taken By Employees

Whenever Mergers and acquisitions take place, a newly created company fires several employees from the job to cut the operational cost, save the resources and use them for the advancement of the company. Always keep in mind that unlawful termination of employees can trigger several litigations against your company and dilute the future business opportunities up to a great extent. It will be good for you to find legal assistance from Mergers and Acquisition Lawyers. This will help you find the best talent for your company and discard the inferior ones without facing any legal trouble.

4. Mediation With Rival Parties

When companies go for Mergers and acquisitions, the business interests of various parties are affected, such as shareholders, investors, partners, CEOs, etc. It will be very difficult for a company to get involved in legal battles against all these parties and register victory without the appropriate preparation of cases. That is why, lawyers generally arrange the face-to-face meeting of these rival parties, discuss the point of discords and try to reach out a respectable solution through dialogue, mediation, and consultation. It is beneficial for all parties as they are able to solve their business disputes without getting involved in prolonged legal battles and wasting their resources.

5. Determination Of Tax Liabilities

When the size and business of your company grow after signing an M & A transaction, tax liabilities are also increased. But, every businessman wants to pay the minimum tax so that he can make progress in the business and expand it fuhrer. A lawyer can help you to easily determine your actual tax liabilities as per the law and save some of your resources.

Collect: Quora

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How Confidentiality Agreements Important In Mergers & Acquisitions Transactions

These days, Mergers and acquisitions are highly popular in the business world. Previously, M&A transactions were mainly an instrument for a company expansion and one of the most desired kinds of investments in developed countries, but M&A transactions are being held continuously all across the world. The purpose of a merger or acquisition transaction can be both a strategic expansion of business (market share, technology, geography, etc,), and a financial purchase for resale or public offering of shares. In some cases, & A transactions can be aimed at eliminating a competitor and blocking its development.

In Mergers and acquisitions, Confidentiality Agreements plays an important role. It helps business organizations to maintain the privacy of their assets, trade secrets, future business expansion plan, etc. Have a look at some main advantages of the Confidentiality agreement in M&A transactions.

1. Involved Parties

Only the purchaser and the vendor parties that agree to the confidentiality agreement. If a company with only a few or no assets is getting the confidential information, the vendor may need a guarantor to the agreement. The guarantor has to ensure the parties that he/she will strictly follow his obligations under the confidentiality agreement. To take care of all these, you should hire Mergers and Acquisition Lawyers. They can supervise the activities of all the participants and make sure they are following the agreement without any fail.

2. Revealing The Secret Information

Generally, the confidentiality agreement notifies the ‘purpose’ of the agreement which includes the assessment by the purchaser and allowed individuals to review M&A transactions as per the deal. M&A Law Firms can play an important role here. They can supervise whether the authorized person is working properly or not. So, you must avail their legal consultation services and ensure the confidentiality of M&A transactions.

3. Things To Be Disclosed

All those parties that are involved in the confidentiality agreement are not allowed to reveal the sensitive information related to the companies. It has some exception too, such as

The allowed persons that are appointed to observe the confidentiality agreement. Professional advisors, employees, and party directors can be appointed as permitted persons. Those parties are required to know the confidential information to complete the M&A transactions. In some situations, where there are potential providers of finance, co-investors, and syndicates, parties may assume them as “allowed persons” and can communicate with them.

While exchanging highly sensitive information, the disclosing persons may need parties to make separate confidentiality agreements and exchange them with each other to maintain the privacy of their information at all costs.

4. Announcement For Public

Generally, parties involved in M&A transactions are supposed not to make the public announcement about their deals because it can create an environment of negativity for customers, suppliers, and employees. So, you should do the same. If there is any need to make the public announcement for the enlightenment of the stakeholders, you can do that in consultation with other involved parties.

5. Breach Of Agreement

If any party breaches the agreement, other involved individuals can solve the matter through dialogue or take the legal route to protect the deal. M&A Law Firms can help you a lot in this regard. Just explain each and everything very well and get the things done.

6. Exemption

The confidentiality agreement in M&A transaction is not applied on the following:

Information which is already available in the public domain,

Information which is already occupied by some legally before the deal,

Information which is disclosed to 3 parties that are not supposed to keep the privacy of the deal and

Information which the other party made public with the prior approval of the disclosing party.

7. Termination Of The Deal

All involved parties generally agree to maintain the privacy of their information for 1-2 years once the deal is reached. In some cases, if you need, you can come out of the deal if it is no longer beneficial for you and your business. For this, you need to inform other parties as agreed in the deal.

Final Words:

In M&A transactions, there is a huge importance of keeping the important information private and confidential to make progress sooner or later. The above-mentioned points show the importance of Confidentiality Agreements in M&A transactions.

Source: Quora

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What is the process of setting up a business by a foreigner in Vietnam?

Vietnam government passed the new law on Investment No. 67/2014/QH13 (New LOI) in 2014, and the new law on Enterprises No. 68/2014/QH13 (New LOE), which replace the previous laws as from July 1, 2015. Certain notable provisions of the new laws are asbelow.

● Requirements Capital: There is no requirements on foreign investment amount and registered capital in Vietnam. But registered capital can not less than 30% of total investment amount. The registered capital of encouraged/ large investment project can be reduced to 20%.

● Structure Foreign investors (company/ individual) can adopt one among following three structures when setting up company/ factory in Vietnam:

1. Direct investment by foreign company / individual; 

2. Indirect Investment through one holding company (single holding ); 

3. Indirect investment through two holding companies (double holding ).

The 2nd and/or 3rd structure is widely used. There are some advantages through holding company: 

1. Unlimited deferred offshore profits which can be used for re-investment; 

2. Limited liability on overseas lawsuits (civil and criminal ), and financial liabilities against parent company. 

The disadvantages of the single holding structure will occur when selling foreign assets, the parent company will be taxed for the profits. The parent company/individual will be exposed to unpredictable foreign risks and faces double-taxation problems. Therefore, the third structure - double holding is recommended.

● Procedures:

1. Setting up offshore holding company; 

2. Collecting holding company documents; 

3. Documents translation/ embassy notarization; 

4. Checking proposed Vietnam company name; 

5. Prepare the M&A and application form; 

6. Evaluation of investment project by related authorities; 

7. Issuance of the enterprise registration certificate; 

8. Publish in newspaper gazette; 

9. Seal registration, open bank account; 

10. Tax, customs, and environmental protection registration.

Source: Quora

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Is Vietnam's government stable enough to smoothly set-up a foreign start-up business?

Vietnam became the 150th member of the World Trade Organisation (WHO) in 2007. This opened the entranceway for foreigners to get and operate businesses in Vietnam. Individuals and organisations are permitted to choose their area of investment, the structure of their business and the technique where capital is raised, so long as their choices are in compliance with Vietnamese law, international treaties and commitments.

Before starting a business in Vietnam, there are a few things you should keep in mind:

Setting-up a foreign-owned business in Vietnam can be done and even encouraged by the Vietnamese government, although the laws are complex and the procedure could be complicated. Modern business law is in its infancy in Vietnam. Regulations could be incomplete, ambiguous and at the mercy of conflicting interpretations by different government agencies. Getting the help of a skilled and well-connected Vietnamese lawyer is strongly suggested.

Foreigners are permitted to possess and operate their own businesses in Vietnam, either through indirect or direct foreign investment. Indirect investment could be created by individuals or organisations that may buy shares in Vietnamese firms or invest through stocks, investment funds or use other intermediate financial instruments. Businesses that are wholly foreign-owned or are taking part in joint ventures with a Vietnamese business are believed to be foreign direct investments (or FDI).

Exercising rights of importation and distribution:

According to regulated at Provision 1, Article 4, Decree 23/2007/ND-CP dated February 12 2007 of the federal government providing detailed guidance of Law of Commerce’s regulations on goods trading and directly related activities of FIEs in Vietnam (So called known as “Decree 23/2007/ND-CP”), an FIE is permitted exercise its rights to import and distribute goods in Vietnam if it meets the next requirements:

- The Investor is from a country or territory which really is a member of international treaties to which Vietnam is engaged and focused on open markets for goods trading activities and related;

- Type of investment should be in keeping with the roadmap of commitments under international treaties to which Vietnam is an associate and relative to regulations of Vietnam;

- Goods and services should be relative to market opening commitments of Vietnam and with of regulations of Vietnam;

- Scope of operation should be relative to the marketplace access commitments of Vietnam and with regulations of Vietnam;

- The business gets the approval of the competent authorities in Vietnam.

According to Vietnam's commitments to the WTO, since 2009, foreign investors have entitlement to import and distribute goods by means of a company with 100% foreign capital.

To guarantee the eligibility for licensing, as well as the above conditions, you additionally have to guarantee the following requirements:

- You must be considered a manufacturer of electric and electronic products likely to be distributed in Vietnam or be considered a trusted trader of electric and electronic products in the your country;

- The results of business operation in the your country should be positive, shown in the audited financial statements of the last 2 yrs;

- Registered office of the business or wholesale, shops must be in keeping with the look of Vietnam. Normally, investors will need to have accommodations office within a workplace for the Company’s hq and/ or a location for wholesale and retail at a planned-in-advance trade center;

- Investment capital should be sufficient to guarantee the feasibility to implement business projects in Vietnam.

Vietnam is among the better places in Asia for for foreign investors - given its recent rises in number of national economic centers, industrial parks, rental factory, and warehouses. Even though Vietnamese government is encouraging foreign investors (as a way to bring in foreign currency), they are not paying enough attention to improve the legal procedure and legal structure in regards to foreign investment.

Source: quora

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New foreign investment approvals in Jan-Apr drop sharply

A view of downtown HCMC. The real estate sector recorded the second largest foreign investment in January-April.

HCMC – Total foreign investments pledged in the year’s first four months fell by a sharp 23.9% to US$8.06 billion, according to the Foreign Investment Agency.

Of the fresh foreign investment approvals in the period, pledges by existing and new projects declined significantly.

In particular, 883 new projects that had been approved in the year to April 20 had total registered capital of US$3.55 billion, a fall of nearly 24% against last year’s same period. Besides, 303 operational projects registered to adjust their investment capital up by US$2.24 billion, a year-on-year drop of 48.5%.

Regarding foreign indirect investment, the four-month period recorded 1,863 cases of foreign investors contributing funds or acquiring local shares with a combined value of US$2.26 billion, up 67% against the same period a year earlier. Of these, there were 1,087 cases of foreign investors increasing their paid-in capital of enterprises (US$1.56 billion) and 776 cases of stake acquisitions (US$703.5 million) which did not change chartered capital of enterprises.

It can be seen that investment capital of foreign investors tends to rise in M&A deals rather than direct investments.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) projects disbursed US$5.1 billion in January-April, rising by 6.3% year-on-year.

Regarding outbound shipments in the period, the FDI sector exported US$53.48 billion worth of products, including crude oil, up 18.9% year-on-year and equivalent to 72.5% of the country’s export turnover. Without crude oil, exports of the sector were US$52.81 billion.

Meanwhile, the FDI sector’s imports were US$42.31 billion, picking up 9.3% and accounting for 60.1% of total imports. This resulted in a trade surplus of US$11.17 billion with crude oil included and US$10.5 billion with crude oil excluded.

Of the 17 sectors foreign investors invested in, the processing-manufacturing sector attracted the highest amount of capital with US$4.52 billion (56.1% of total registered capital). It was followed by real estate with US$807.5 million (10%) and wholesale-retail with US$779 million (9.7%).

South Korea made up the biggest foreign investment amount among 82 countries and territories investing in Vietnam with US$2.32 billion (28.7%). Japan came second when investing some US$1.29 billion (16%) and Singapore third with US$808 million (10%).

Source: The Saigon Times

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Policies on labour and trade coming into force from the middle of April, 2018

03 policies on labour and trade coming into force from the middle of April, 2018 (April 11 – 20, 2018).

1. Employment litigation involving sending of workers abroad

This is the most noticeable content of the Decree No. 24/2018/ND-CP on settlement of complaints and denunciations in the fields of labour, vocational education, sending of Vietnamese employees to work abroad under labour contracts, employment, occupational safety and hygiene.

According to the Decree, procedures for lodging complaints about sending of Vietnamese employees to work abroad under labour contracts are as follows:

- File the first-tier complaint to the complaint handling officer or make the complaint to the court;

- File the second-tier complaint or make the complaint to the court if the complainant is not satisfied with the outcome of handling the first-tier complaint;

- Make the complaint to the court if the complainant is not satisfied with the outcome of handling the second-tier complaint or the complaint is not handled within the required time limit; 

If the respondent is not satisfied with the outcome of handling the second-tier complaint, he/she has the right to initiate the administrative lawsuit to the court.

Further details are available in the Decree No. 24/2018/ND-CP coming into force from April 15, 2018.

2. Taxation policies on transfer of motor vehicles of entities enjoying privileges in Vietnam

Decision No. 10/2018/QD-TTg dated March 01, 2018 provides amendments to the Decision No. 53/2013/QD-TTg on temporary import, re-export, destruction, and transfer of motor vehicles and two-wheeled mopeds of entities enjoying diplomatic immunity and privileges in Vietnam.

According to the Decision, taxation policies on transfer of motor vehicles of these entities are as follows:

- Regulations on import duties applied to second-hand motor vehicles prescribed in Decree No. 122/2016/ND-CP and Decree No. 125/2017/ND-CP shall apply;

- The date of transfer associated with these entities is the date on which the use purpose of the vehicle is changed according to the transaction papers made between the buyer and the vehicle owner;

The date of transfer associated with diplomatic officials, administrative and technical coordinators of diplomatic missions must also correspond to the expiration of term of office of vehicle owner in Vietnam.

- These entities shall declare and pay taxes and fees as prescribed.

The Decision No. 10/2018/QD-TTg is coming into force as from April 20, 2018.

3. Promulgation of 24 forms used in commercial mediation

On February 26, 2018, the Ministry of Justice promulgated the Circular No. 02/2018/TT-BTP providing guidance on forms used in commercial mediation.

24 forms used in commercial mediation are issued together with the Circular, including:

- The application form for accreditation as ad hoc commercial mediator;

- The application form for establishment of a commercial mediation center;

- The application form for addition of commercial mediation activities of an arbitration center;

- The record of commercial mediation activities;

- Mediators record;

- The records of mediation remunerations.

This Circular also provides for reporting on commercial mediation as follows:

- Each of commercial mediation institutions and Vietnam-based branches or representative offices of foreign commercial mediation institutions shall submit annual reports on its organization and commercial mediation activities to the Department of Justice of province where the its head office is located.

- An annual report presents the period from January 01 to December 31 and includes:

+ Actual data obtained from January 01 to October 31 inclusively; and

+ Estimated date obtained from November 01 to December 31 inclusively.

- Annual reports must be submitted by November 15.

The Circular No.02/2018/TT-BTP is coming into force from April 20, 2018.

Source: thuvienphapluat

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Overview on Cosmetics Regulations in Vietnam

Cosmetics are areas of highly regulated in Vietnam as they apply on human and could create health concern. Hence, cosmetics imported into Vietnam have to be applied special procedures to ensure safety. Cosmetics regulations in Vietnam would lay out provisions that importers and manufacturers to follow.

To carry out the Combination Convention in the cosmetic management which has been signed by countries are member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations on September 2nd, 2003 (commonly called ASEAN Cosmetic Convention), the Ministry of Health of Vietnam issued Circular 06/2011/TT-BYT on Cosmetic Management.

The Circular dated January 25th, 2011 regulating the management of cosmetic products manufactured in the country, as well as cosmetics imported for circular in Vietnam. Besides, the cosmetic regulations is also provided in related provisions.

According to the Vietnam cosmetic regulations, cosmetic product must be construed as a substance or a preparation which is used for touch with outside parts of human body (skin, hair system, finger nails, toenails, lip, and outside reproduction organ) or teeth and mouth mucous membrane with main purpose in order to cleanse, aromatize, change the outward characteristics, form, adjust body’s smell, safeguard body, or maintain the human body in good condition. In addition to the products being grouped as cosmetic products such as: creams, emulsion, lotions, gels and oils for skin (group 1); tinted bases (group 2); toilet soaps, deodorant soaps (group 3); … some products are not classified as cosmetic.

Under Vietnam law, a cosmetic product made in Vietnam or imported into Vietnam must go through procedure of proclamation before being is sold on the market. In particular, organizations or individuals circulating the cosmetic products on the market have to be responsible for obtaining permissions through cosmetic product proclamation from authority agencies as well as responsible for safety, effectiveness, and quality of product.

For exporting cosmetic, the exporter needs to obtain the Certificate of Free Sale (CFS) as regulated. CFS is issued when such domestic cosmetic is issued the cosmetic product proclamation receipt number by competent state management agency. For importing cosmetic, enterprises are only allowed to import the cosmetic into Vietnam when presenting to the Customs agency the valid receipt number of cosmetic product proclamation report which has been issued by the Medicine Management Department – the Health Ministry. However, Vietnam law also provide import of cosmetic in some special situations which are not obligated to implement the cosmetic product proclamation as the following:

– Organization or individual who imports cosmetic in order to study and experiment;

– The organizations, individuals who receive cosmetic as gifts;

– The organizations, individuals who import cosmetic for displaying at fair, gallery and other temporary import for re-export situations.

For manufacturing cosmetic, the cosmetic regulations require the organizations which manufacture the cosmetic must deploy to apply and satisfy principles, the “cosmetic good manufacturing practice” standard of the Asian Southeast Association Nations (CGMP-ASEAN).

Besides, compliance with the other requirements such as labeling, safety of ingredients, cosmetic advertising is also required.

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China usurps US as Vietnam’s top export market: report

Vietnam’s exports to China surged about 15 times to $50.6 billion over the past decade.

China has overtaken the U.S. to become Vietnam's biggest export market, according to reports.

The shift happened last year after the U.S. started adopting several trade protectionist policies, and China started boosting trade and investment in Southeast Asia, Bloomberg reported on Wednesday.

The U.S. had been Vietnam’s top export market since 2002 before being taken down by China last year, Bloomberg said.

Vietnam’s exports to China surged about 15 times to $50.6 billion compared with a fourfold increase to the U.S. to $46.5 billion in the decade through 2017, according to statistics from the International Monetary Fund, as cited by Bloomberg. The trend has persisted this year with Vietnam’s shipments to China increasing by 33.5 percent in Q1 compared to the same period last year, as opposed to a 20 percent jump to the U.S., according to data from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam.

“The center of trade for Asia has clearly shifted to China from the U.S.,” said Eugenia Victorino, an economist from Australia & New Zealand Banking Group in Singapore, Bloomberg reported.

Victorino also said that Asian countries would soon realize that China is superior to the U.S. in terms of trade, especially with the U.S. taking a protectionist stance.

Le Dang Doanh, a Vietnamese economist and a member of the Committee for Development Policy of the United Nations, said Vietnam needs to stop being too dependent on China by diversifying to more markets, Bloomberg reported.

In fact, Vietnam is already on the move, having signed several international trade deals such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership last month, which will reduce trade tariffs between the 11 member countries. 

In 2015, the E.U.-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement was also signed, reducing tariffs between Vietnam and the 28 member countries of the E.U.

According to the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, the U.S. still reigns supreme as Vietnam's top export market, but exports to China are growing at a much faster rate compared to the U.S in recent years.

In the three years from 2015 to 2017, Vietnam's export turnovers to the U.S. were $33.5 billion, $38.4 billion and $41.6 billion respectively, while export turnovers to China were $16.5 billion, $21.9 billion and $35.4 billion respectively, said the office. 

Vietnam's total import-export turnover reached an estimated $107.32 billion in the first quarter, up 17.7 percent against the same period in 2017, with export value in the first three months hitting $54.31 billion, while imports registered $53.01 billion, resulting in a trade surplus of $1.3 billion, according to data from the General Statistics Office.

Source: evnexpress

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Vietnam Customs Law 2014

On 23rd June 2014, the Vietnam National Assembly has issued the new Vietnam Customs Law. This new law comprises of 8 Chapters, 104 Articles and shall come into effect on 1st January 2015.

Accordingly, the new 2014 Vietnam Customs Law is focusing on customs procedure reform, modernization of customs administration, codify international laws on international commitment in order to meet the requirements and facilitate integration beneficial for import and export activities; improve the effectiveness and efficiency of customs operations management.

Article 23 of the law regulates the custom documents towards reducing the numbers of papers of customs documents required in the relevant documents to be submitted when doing customs procedures i.e. commercial invoices, import-export document. Custom documents can also be in writing or electronic invoices.

Besides, the new Vietnam Customs Law boosts the management practices from pre-check to post- check. Mechanism of post-clearance inspection for a period of 5 years is strictly specified in terms of objects, conditions and sanctions when a violation is detected. This provision not only facilitates but also tightly controls the flow of goods to ensure that it is in compliance with the customs declaration.

Clause 6 Article 88 of the 2014 Vietnam Customs Law regarding the jurisdiction of the customs authorities in the application of prevention of smuggling and illegally transporting goods across borders has been supplemented to detail the measures to control custom.

In addition, the provisions of Article 92 stipulates that Customs agency, customs officers shall be equipped with and using professional technical facilities, weapons, support tools, flags, signal flares, lights, screening, biochemical technology, mechanical equipment, electrical, electronic and other means as prescribed by law to perform the task of preventing and battling against smuggling, illegal transport of goods across the border. The equipment and the use of weapons and tools to support prescribed by law shall be governed in complied with regulations for management and use of weapons, explosives and support tools. These are important provisions to prevent and battling against smuggling, illegal transport of goods across the border.

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Dispute Resolution Through Arbitration

Dispute resolution methods are litigation, negotiation, mediation and arbitration. Handing disputes requires litigation law firm with dispute lawyers in Vietnam having experience and knowledge to provide resolutions to complex cross-border issues, commercial and civil disputes.

In the current business environment, most business agreements could contain a clause stipulating that disputes arisen must be resolved in arbitration. For a dispute to be referred to arbitration, there must be a valid arbitration agreement in writing, either as an arbitration clause within a contract or a separate agreement. If the agreement is included within the context of a contract, the arbitration clause is considered independent, and any modification, extension, or termination of the contract does not affect the validity of the arbitration clause. 

Vietnamese law allows for a written arbitration agreement to take the form in any written form, so long as the writing clearly indicates the parties’ intent to resolve any dispute via arbitration. If a dispute falls within the scope of a valid arbitration agreement, but a party attempts to initiate court proceedings, the residing court does not have jurisdiction over the matter, and must drop the case. Moreover, an arbitration agreement does not have to stipulate specific dispute matters and/or the arbitration organization authorized to resolve disputes without supplemental agreement. Even if there is a valid arbitration agreement, Vietnamese Arbitration Law stipulates that in order for a dispute to go to arbitration, it must also fit into one of three categories:

(1) disputes arising from “commercial activities”;

(2) disputes where at least one party is engaged in commercial activities;

(3) other disputes where the law stipulates that arbitration is a permissible means of resolution.

In category (1), the term “commercial activity” is defined in Commercial Law No. 36-2005-QH11 (31 December 2005) as “activity for profit-making purposes comprising the purchase and sale of goods, provision of services, investment, commercial enhancement, and other activities for profit-making purposes.” The types of disputes that often fall into the second category are noncommercial disputes, such as civil disputes, where at least one party to the dispute is engaged in commercial activities. However, this category does not apply in disputes between a good/service provider and a consumer. In this case, the law allows the party to choose between litigation and arbitration. Even the agreement includes a standard arbitration clause in the supply of goods or services contract, the dispute may not be arbitrated without the consumer’s consent. The final category of disputes permissible for arbitration gives legislators discretion to expand or maintain the types of disputes resolved through arbitration. An example of a category (3) dispute is a dispute arising from investment activities governed by the Law on Investment.

Arbitration has become an extremely popular method of dispute resolution, as many businesses prefer it over the high costs of litigation.

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Vietnamese firm wins anti-dumping steel lawsuit in Australia

The year-long investigation ended in Vietnam’s favor after finding no evidence of foul play.

A year-long Australian investigation into steel rods imported from Vietnam has concluded that there had been no breach of anti-dumping policies, the Vietnam Steel Association (VSA) said on Wednesday.

The Australian Anti-Dumping Commission (ADC) released the results of the investigation on Monday, concluding a lawsuit filed against Vietnam, Indonesia and South Korea by an Australian firm.

Read more: Australia Initiated the Anti-dumping Investigation Against Rod in Coil Originating from Vietnam

According to the ADC’s report, the dumping rate of steel rods in coil exported to Australia by Hoa Phat Group, the Vietnamese defendant, was only 1.3 percent, lower than the maximum legal threshold of 2 percent. Thus, the ruling was in Vietnam’s favor and the ADC had decided to end the investigation, TuoiTre reported.

The investigation also found there had been no interference from the Vietnamese government in the production of steel rods, and therefore they held no unfair advantage.

The ADC’s anti-dumping case and subsequent inspection was launched last June following a complaint lodged by OneSteel Manufacturing Pty Ltd, a steel core manufacturer in Australia. The firm said that goods were being exported to Australia at prices less than their normal value, and that dumping had damaged the Australian industry through loss of sales, market share and profits.

Steel products from Indonesia, Taiwan and Turkey have also been subject to anti-dumping investigations in Australia, and both Indonesia and Turkey were slapped with anti-dumping taxes in 2015 for a year, while the same products from China were hit with a tariff in April 2016.

In 2017, Hoa Phat Group exported 36,000 tons of steel rods and beams to Australia.

Source: vnexpress

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Measures to Prevent and Ensure Administrative Sanctions of Software Piracy

Vietnam is among countries with the highest rate of software piracy in the world, although the rate has reduced from 92% in 2004, to 81% in 2011, 78% in 2015 according to the report of BSA, The Software Alliance that promote legal software use and advocates for public policies that foster technology innovation and drive growth in the digital economy.

Computer software is protected as literary works, one of types of works eligible for copyright protection in accordance with Article 14 of Vietnam law on intellectual property 2005, amended and supplemented in 2009. Unlicensed software is unauthorized use or distribution of copyrighted software. Copyright infringements include publishing, distributing, copying, using, leasing out, duplicating, importing, exporting a work without permission from the author or copyright holder according to Article 28 of Vietnam law on intellectual property 2005, amended and supplemented in 2009.

The government of Vietnam has been striving to coordinate between ministries to increase awareness and encourage the software license compliance. Further, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism has coordinated with Ministry of Public Security to increase frequency of inspecting the software license compliance in Vietnam as part of intellectual property right enforcement effort.

According to the provisions of Article 215 of the 2005 Intellectual Property Law, there are measures under the law of Vietnam to prevent and secure administrative sanctions.

In the following cases, organizations and individuals may request Vietnam competent agencies to apply preventive measures and ensure administrative sanction as provided for in Clause 2, Article 215 of the 2005 Intellectual Property Law:

-An act of infringement of intellectual property rights is likely to cause serious loss and damage to consumers or society;

-Material evidence of the infringement is likely to be dispersed or there are indications that the offender will evade responsibility;

In order to secure enforcement of a decision imposing an administrative penalty, preventive measures and/or measures to secure enforcement of administrative penalties which may be applied in accordance with administrative procedures to acts of infringement of intellectual property rights shall comprise:

-Temporary detention of persons;

-Temporary custody of infringing goods, material evidence and facilities;

-Body searches;

-Searches of means of transport and objects; searches of places where infringing goods, material evidence and facilities are hidden;

-Other administrative preventive measures in accordance with the law on dealing with administrative breaches.

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Determination of Competence between Court and Arbitration

Dispute resolution is always a matter of concern in Vietnam when it comes to the regulations and the effective enforcement of government authority.

The Council of Judges of the Supreme People’s Court issued Resolution 01/2014/NQ-HDTP in order to provide guidelines for the Law on Commercial Arbitration in Vietnam on dispute resolution process.

Accordingly, the courts in Vietnam are permitted to deal with disputes which are agreed to be settled by arbitrators in the following cases:

1) There is a Decision of the court on cancelling Arbitration’s Judgement, Council of Arbitration’s Decision on recognition agreement of parties.

2) The parties have agreed to settle their disputes at a specific arbitration center but it has stopped operating;

3) The arbitrators selected by the parties can not participate in solving disputes due to force majeure events;

4) The appointed arbitrator refuses to settle the dispute without an agreement on a replacement;

5) The proceedings rules selected by the parties are different from different from those of the selected arbitration center, and this center does not adopt rules of the other centers.

6) Consumers object to the arbitrator selection according to Articles 17 of the Law on Commercial Arbitration

In the first four cases, the parties must not reach an alternative agreement on replacement.

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