PPP and BCC Investment

1. PPP Investment

Public-private partnership investment (hereinafter referred to as PPP) is a form of investment which basis of a project contract between a competent state agency and a project investor or enterprise to build, renovate, operate, trade, manage infrastructure projects, and provide public services.

PPP is a fairly developed model and is applied by many countries to take advantage of the state and the private sector for socio-economic development. The object of the contract is usually infrastructure works that fall within the state's responsibility in the fields of transportation - urban areas, parks, electricity, social infrastructure works, commercial infrastructure works, economic zone and hi-tech technical infrastructure; agriculture,... Therefore, the State encourages cooperation with the private sector in the form of PPP to reduce the burden as well as the risks to the budget.

PPP investment is governed by many legal documents related to the use and management of state assets, including the Construction Law, the Law on Investment, the Law on Public Investment, and the Law on Management and Use of Public Assets, Bidding Law. In the near future, PPP Law will be drafted and enacted to focus on unified and uniform management in a legal document.

PPP contracts allowed by Vietnam include: Build - Operate - Transfer (BOT) Contract; Build - Transfer - Operate (BTO) Contract; Build - Transfer (BT) Contract; Build - Own - Operate Contract (BOO); Build - Transfer – Leases (BTL) Contract; Construction – Leases - Transfer (BLT) Contract; Business - Management (O&M) Contract; and Combined contracts combining the above types of contracts. In case the investor proposes to apply a contract different from those listed above, this contract needs to be approved by the state agency, considered and approved by the Prime Minister.

2. BCC Investment

In the forms of investment, business cooperation contracts is often chosen by investors because of the advantages of not having to set up economic organizations when project operates. Business cooperation contract (BCC) is a contract signed between investors in order to conduct business cooperation for profit distribution and product distribution without establishing economic organizations. Parties to a BCC contract establish a coordinating board to carry out the BCC contract. The functions, duties and powers of the coordinating board are agreed by the parties. BCC contracts signed between domestic investors and foreign investors or between foreign investors must carry out the procedures for the grant of investment registration certificates.

In the course of contract performance, the parties retain their own legal status and perform their rights and obligations under the contract on their behalf. The rights and obligations of the parties are only bound by the contract, but there is no organizational commitment as in the form of new legal entities. BCC contracts are suitable for short-term projects in the field of profitability and quick profitability.

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How Foreigners Could Obtain Residence in Vietnam Through Investment Scheme?

Foreigners could reside in Viet Nam under permanent residence or temporary residence status. In particular, foreign investors establishing or contributing capital to companies operating in Vietnam are subject to have temporary residence cards.

A Temporary Residence Card is the required document for the foreigners to legally stay temporarily in Viet Nam and the maximum term of a card is 05 years. The following will explain how Temporary Residence Card can be obtained in Vietnam through investment.

What are conditions for foreign investors to be granted temporary residence card?

Foreigners whom are granted a visa with a DT sign will be considered for a temporary residence card. The foreigners will need to apply for work permit exemption from authorities in Vietnam. The passport of foreigners has a minimum term of 13 months. Documents proving that foreigners contribute capital to, or invest in, enterprises in Vietnam for instance business registration certificates, investment registration certificates will be required. The foreigners will also need to provide clean criminal record card.

What required documents to be prepared for application for temporary residence card?

1. 01 Document requesting temporary residence card of guarantor ( form NA6 for agencies, organizations; form NA7 for individuals)

2. 01 Information form for a temporary resident card (form NA8)

3. 02 photos (image size 2×3 cm);

4. 01 Copy of passport and a valid visa (bring an original for comparison);

5. 01 Notice of use of the seal of the enterprise.

6. 01 Document introducing seal, signature of the authorized person of the organization (form NA16)

7. 01 Copy of legal ducuments of organizations to prove purpose to be granted temporary residence card, such as: investment registration certificate, business registration certificate.

How long it takes to apply for temporary residence card?

After 5 working days since receiving sufficient documents, state agencies will consider and issue temporary residence cards.

What are procedures to apply for temporary residence card?

Step 1: Prepare documents as prescribed by law.

Step 2: Submit application file

The officer receiving the application will check the legality and the content of the file. If the application is complete and valid, the officer receives the application and prints a receipt for the submitter.

Step 3: Return results

What state authorities to apply for temporary residence card?

Immigration Management Department of province or cities where the investment is registered.

Some difficulties when carrying out the procedure

Everyone can apply for a temporary residence card by themselves, but not all cases are eligible for a temporary residence card. When applying for a temporary residence card, have some difficulties like: the visa is not for right purposes; foreigners don’t understand the required documents, procedures for applying for temporary residence card so that you don’t know how to write the declaration of temporary residence card; have confusion about the declaration form used for individuals and agencies, organizations…. For result, application file is invalid and will be returned. You will have to go to implementing agencies many times to complete application file, which is costly, laborious, time-consuming but not yet available. Therefore, foreigners need the assistance of a reputable law firm to carry out the procedure effectively to be granted temporary residence card.

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What are common investment methods in Vietnam?

In Vietnam laws, there are a number of investment methods such as establishing economic organizations; investment in the form of capital contribution, purchase of shares or capital contributions in business organizations; Business Cooperation Contract or Public Private Partnership. Investment in establishing economic organizations, capital contribution, purchase of share or capital contributions are most common in our opinion.

Investment in establishing economic organizations

For investment in the establishment of economic organization, an investor invests capital to carry out the establishment of an enterprise, cooperative, cooperative union or other organization to carry out business investment activities. This is a way of direct investment in which investors directly invest capital and directly participate in management activities.

Forms of establishment of economic organizations include two types: Establishing company with 100% foreign capital; or establishing joint ventures between domestic investors or the Government of Vietnam with foreign investors.

Before establishing an economic organization, the foreign investor must have an investment project and carry out the procedures for the grant of an investment registration certificate. Besides, the conditions for the charter capital ownership and the conditions prescribed by international treaties to which Vietnam is a member need to be met. Regarding charter capital, foreign investors are allowed to hold unlimited ownership in economic organizations, except for cases where the investors operate in fields related to listed companies, public companies, securities trading organizations and securities investment funds in accordance with the law on securities; State owned enterprises equitized or transformed under other forms. In addition, investors must check international treaties to which Vietnam is a signatory.

It should be noted that depending on the amount of investment capital of a foreign investor, the legal status of an economic organization after its establishment will be determined differently. If the foreign investor holds 51% or more of charter capital, the economic organization after its establishment will have to carry out the procedures applicable to foreign investors. Conversely, if foreign investors hold less than 51% of the charter capital, the regulations applicable to economic organizations after their establishment are applied as domestic investors.

Investment in the form of capital contribution, purchase of shares or capital contributions in business organizations

Foreign investors who wish to access the Vietnamese market but do not want to establish an economic organization can contribute capital, buy shares or buy capital contributions to business organizations operating in Vietnam.

With this form, the investor will become a member or shareholder of that economic organization. It requires investors to meet a conditions similar to the form of establishment of economic organizations. Having said that, it must meet the conditions for the charter capital ownership and the conditions prescribed by international treaties to which Vietnam is a member. Depending on each specific case, the investor must follow the procedures for registration of capital contribution, purchase of shares or capital contribution in an economic organization and send to the competent agency for recognition of legal investment.

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Which area of business foreign investors could invest in Vietnam?

Recently, Vietnam has been an attractive investment destination to foreign investors thanks to the social-economic innovation policy from the early 80s of the twentieth century to the present. The economic, political and social situation always keeps stability and achieves remarkable developments, establishing trade relations with most countries in the world. Especially, Vietnam Government has been focusing efforts to improve the investment and business environment, which is favorable for not only domestic investors but also foreign investors. The Government has been issuing policies to improve the business environment, support business development and take decisive actions through resolutions and legal documents.

In addition to continuing to implement incentive policies to attract foreign investment such as corporate income tax exemption and reduction, import tax exemption for a number of industries, exemption from rent and land use,...the Government is also committed to reform administrative procedures to simplify procedures, create the best conditions for investors, and opening the economy for foreign investors.

Foreign investors, when investing in another country, must identify their business lines and areas of business, and consult with experts or Vietnam lawyers whether that business line is subject to any special conditions. There are areas with out conditions of investment and but there are also industries that are restricted from doing business under strict conditions, and even prohibiting business in specific professions on purpose.

In Vietnam, the investors of Vietnamese are free to do business in area which which is not in the list of prohibited. For foreign investors, the business lines allowed to invest are considered based on Vietnam's WTO Commitments on Trade in Services and the Agreements signed between Vietnam and other countries. After that, business conditions in each specific industry to foreign investors will be applied.

General conditions applied to domestic and foreign investors are that investors are entitled to carry out business investment activities in industries and trades which are not prohibited by laws. The industries and trades banned from business investment include: trading in narcotic substances; trading in some toxic chemicals, precursors, minerals; trading in specimens of wild plants and animals according to the provisions of Appendix 1 to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; specimens of endangered, precious and rare wild animals and plants of Group I originated from nature according to the provisions of the Investment Law; trading in prostitution; buying and selling people, tissues, body parts; business activities related to asexual reproduction on people; and trading in firecrackers.

Apart from the above-said prohibited business and investment lines, the remaining industries and trades are divided into conditional business lines and common business lines. For common business lines, investors can freely invest without barriers. By contrast, conditional business lines impose conditions that must be met if organizations wish to invest. Understanding the business lines is the first step for investors to enter the Vietnam market and consulting with Vietnam lawyers would help investors make informed decision for their business plan in Vietnam.

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